自然野态的植物景观营造的理论与方法

摘要

受生态主义思想、恢复生态学、保护生物学等理论的影响,西方的城市环境中倾向于种植一些美丽而未经驯化的野生乡土植物或在城市公园中设立自然保护地展现植物自然演替,在城市园林中人工营造自然野态成为时尚.100多年来,自然野态的植物景观营造的理论与方法不断发展、变化和完善.通过类比分析威廉·罗宾逊、格特鲁德·杰基尔、吉尔·克莱芒、派特·欧多夫和詹姆斯·希契莫夫等西方植物景观设计大师的营造理论与实践案例,梳理了欧美等国家追求自然野态的植物景观设计的发展方向,总结了自然野态的植物景观营造方法,以期为我国植物种植的多样化和生态化提供借鉴.%Under the influence of ecological theory,restoration ecology and conservation biology,wild plants and natural habitats could be found in Western urban environment.To create a natural wild has become more and more popular.For over 100 years,theories and methods of wild planting landscape have been continuously developed,changed and improved.By analogy analysis,wild planting methods and cases were compared among William Robinson,Gertrude Jekyll,Gilles Clément,Piet Oudolf and James Hitchmough,for the purpose of listing the development direction in the area of wild planting and revealing the background,changes,differences,merit and demerit.And it is valuable for summarizing the theories and methods of wild planting to guide the practices of diversified and ecological planting in China.