妊娠期牙周疾病与血糖关系的研究

摘要

Objective To investigate the relationship between periodontal disease and blood glucose during pregnancy, so as to prevent and control gestational periodontal disease better. Methods Forty-five women during 24 -28 gestational weeks were divided into gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM) group and normal blood glucose group according to oral glucose tolerance test results. Calculus index, gingival index and periodontal probing depth were compared between two groups, and the relationship between blood glucose level and gingival index or periodontal probing depth was discussed by using correlation analysis and regression analysis. Results There was no significant difference in age, gestational weeks, calculus index, gingival index and periodontal probing depth between two groups ( t value was 0. 949, 0. 388, 0. 621, 0. 934 and 1. 304, respectively, all P >0. 05), and the difference in education degree was not significant (χ2 =0. 487, P >0. 05). There was no significant correlation among fasting blood glucose, blood sugar 1 hour after meal, blood sugar 2 hours after meal and gingival index, periodontal probing depth (r value was -0. 053, 0. 142, -0. 045, -0. 069, -0. 002 and -0. 113, respectively, all P>0. 05). Gingival index was positively related with calculus index significantly (r=0. 653,P<0. 05), but not correlated with fasting blood glucose, blood sugar 1 hour after meal and blood sugar 2 hours after meal (r value was 0. 089,-0. 069 and 0. 065,respectively,all P>0. 05). Conclusion Periodontal disease during pregnancy is closely related with plaque index, and reducing plaque is helpful to prevent and treat gestational periodontal disease. The study does not reveal correlation between gestational periodontal disease and blood glucose, and the relationship between them needs further study to explore.%目的：了解妊娠期牙周疾病与血糖的关系,以便更好地预防控制妊娠期牙周疾病。方法将45例24~28周的孕妇按照葡萄糖耐量试验结果分为妊娠期糖尿病组和血糖正常组。对比两组研究对象的牙石指数、牙龈指数、牙周探诊深度,并采用相关分析和回归分析对牙龈指数、牙周探诊深度与血糖值的关系进行探讨。结果两组患者年龄、孕周、牙石指数、牙龈指数、牙周探诊深度均无统计学差异(t值分别为0.949、0.388、0.621、0.934、1.304,均 P>0.05),且文化程度无统计学差异(χ2=0.487,P>0.05)。孕妇的空腹血糖、餐后1小时血糖、餐后2小时血糖与牙龈指数、牙周探诊深度均无显著相关性( r值分别为-0.053、0.142、-0.045、-0.069、-0.002、-0.113,均P>0.05)。牙龈指数仅与牙石指数呈显著正相关(r=0.653,P<0.05),与空腹血糖、餐后1小时血糖、餐后2小时血糖均无显著相关性(r 值分别为0.089、-0.069、0.065,均P>0.05)。结论妊娠期牙周疾病与牙石程度密切相关,减少牙石有利预防治疗妊娠期牙周疾病。该研究未发现妊娠期牙周疾病与血糖相关,要断定妊娠期牙周疾病与血糖的关系,还需进一步的研究。