在云南省的6个试验点收集了160个生产上使用的水稻(Oryza sativa)品种,用24对SSR引物对其进行遗传多样性分析,结果显示,24个标记都具有多态性,共检测到324个等位基因,每个多态位点检测到的等位基因数为7～20个,平均13.46个,总群体平均香农指数为2.0356,平均期望杂合度为0.835 3.160个品种在相似系数0.101～0.996之间存在显著的遗传变异.AMOVA分析表明,水稻的遗传变异主要存在于地区内品种间(54％),只有7％遗传变异存在于地区间,品种内的遗传变异占39％.各试验点水稻品种遗传多样性分布不均匀,由高到低依次为:永德＞元阳＞石屏＞保山＞玉溪＞石林.本研究结果表明,云南省水稻品种具有丰富的遗传多样性,但不同地理位置的水稻品种遗传多样性差异较大,这也为有效进行水稻种质资源的收集保存和利用模式提供了理论基础.%A total of 24 SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 160 rice varieties, which were collected from six test-sites in Yunnan Province. Results indicated genetic variation of rice varieties in the target region of Yunnan Province was still remarkably rich. All the 24 SSR loci were polymorphic. A total of 324 SSR alleles, with a molecular weight ranging from 100 to 500 bp, were scored from the 160 rice varieties. Each locus contained 7-20 alleles, for a mean of 13.46 alleles. The total populations mean Shannon index was 2.035 6, the average Nei's genetic diversity index was 0.835 3. The cluster analysis demonstrated a significant genetic variation among the included rice varieties with the similarity coefficients varying between 0.101 and 0.996 from six geographical sites. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that about 7%, 54% and 39% genetic variation were detected among regions, among varieties within regions and within varieties respectively. It meant that genetic relationship of the rice varieties seemed to have an obvious association with their geographical origin. Meanwhile, the genetic diversity level of six test-sites from high to low were Yongde > Yuanyang > Shiping > Baoshan > Yuxi > Shilin. The results showed that the genetic diversity of rice varieties in Yunnan Province was rich, but the genetic diversity was quite different geographically, which provided a theoretical support for effective collection, conservation and utilization model of rice germplasm.
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