3种果壳类型油棕花粉活力及柱头可授性的比较

摘要

The pollen viability of 3 types oil palm were detected at different days after pollen dispersal and different time of one day by pollen germination in vitro and stigma receptivity of 3 types oil palm were detected at different bud stages and different time of one day by benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method.The results showed that the pollen viability of 3 types oil palm was active on the first day after pollen dispersal.The pollen viablity of Tenera,Dura and Pisifera reached peak on the second,third,fourth day after pollen dispersal,respectively,and then decreased.The characteristics of diurnal variation of pollen viability showed that in the same flowering state,except 12:00 and 18:00,their order was Tenera＞Dura＞Pisifera.The characteristics of the change of the stigma receptivity were:An early opening of a female flower had a weaker stigma receptivity.Tenera and Pisifera had the strongest receptivity in stage Ⅲ,stage Ⅳ began to weaken.The stigma receptivity of Dura reached the strongest in stage Ⅳ.The order of stigma receptivity was Pisifera＞Tenera＞Dura at 8:00～10:00,Dura＞Tenera＞Pisifera at 12:00～18:00.In conclusion,pollen of 3 types oil palm should be collected at 2～4 days after pollen dispersal;the best female flowers pollination time of Pisifera and Tenera was 10:00 of the stage Ⅲ after flowering,while Dura was 16:00 of the stage Ⅳ after flowering.%采用花粉离体萌发法测定3种不同果壳类型油棕花粉在散粉后不同天数和一天内不同时间点的花粉活力,联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定不同花期及一天内不同时间点的柱头可授性.结果表明:3种类型油棕的花粉活力呈现先升高后下降的趋势,在散粉第1d即具有活力,薄壳种、厚壳种和无壳种的花粉活力分别在散粉后第2、3、4d达到最大值,随后下降;日变化特点:在同一开放状态下,除12:00和18:00时,3种类型油棕的花粉活力排序为:薄壳种＞厚壳种＞无壳种.柱头可授性的变化特点为:雌花开放的早期,具有较弱的柱头可授性,薄壳种和无壳种在第Ⅲ期可授性最强,第Ⅳ期开始减弱,厚壳种则是在第Ⅳ期达最强,柱头的可授性日变化排序为:8:00～10:00,无壳种＞薄壳种＞厚壳种,12:00～18:00则是厚壳种＞薄壳种＞无壳种.综上可知,3种果壳类型油棕的花粉应于散粉后的第2～4 d采集;无壳种和薄壳种的雌花在开花后第Ⅲ期的10:00授粉效果最佳,厚壳种则是开花后第Ⅳ期的16:00授粉效果最佳.