急性脊髓损伤治疗的研究进展

摘要

The common injury mechanisms of spinal cord injury include falling at high altitude,traffic accidents and sports,and the incidence of spinal cord injury is on the rise year by year.Spinal cord injury can cause temporary or permanent neurological dysfunction,which not only affects the patients physically and psychologically but also poses heavy burden to their families and society.Spinal cord injury can be categorized as acute,subacute and chronic stages according to the course of disease.The functional recovery after spinal cord injury depends largely on the effective intervention at the acute stage.Therefore,finding effective treatment strategies for acute spinal cord injury has become a major issue of global concern.In recent years,with the deepening of basic and clinical research,progress has been made in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury.The author retrieved and summarized the latest advances in surgical treatment,hormone therapy,physiotherapy,biotherapy,bioengineering stent and new drug therapy of acute spinal cord injury in recent five years,and discussed the application of artificial intelligence in spinal cord injury,providing reference for research in this field and basis for effective treatment of acute spinal cord injury.%脊髓损伤常见的致伤机制包括高空坠落、交通事故及体育运动等,发生率呈逐年上升趋势.脊髓损伤可造成患者暂时或永久性神经功能障碍,不仅给个人造成极大的生理和心理打击,也给其家庭和社会带来沉重负担.脊髓损伤按病程进展可分为急性期、亚急性期及慢性期,而脊髓损伤后的功能恢复很大程度上取决于急性期的有效干预,因此,寻找有效的急性脊髓损伤的治疗策略已成为全球共同关注的重大课题.近年来随着基础、临床研究的不断深入,有关急性期脊髓损伤的治疗取得较大进展.笔者检索并总结近五年来有关急性期脊髓损伤手术治疗、激素治疗、物理治疗、生物治疗、生物工程支架及新药治疗的最新进展,并探讨人工智能在脊髓损伤中的应用,为本领域的研究提供参考,为急性脊髓损伤的有效治疗提供依据.