骨组织工程支架材料的研究进展及临床应用

摘要

背景:骨组织工程研究的中心环节是研制能够作为细胞移植与引导新骨生长的支架材料,以作为细胞外基质的替代物.目的:总结骨组织工程支架材料的研究进展,并展望其发展趋势.方法:由第一作者检索1995-01-12/2011-01 PubMed数据、中国知网数据库及维普数据库有关人工合成材料及天然支架材料相关文献.英文检索词为"bone tissue engineering,scaffold material,DBM,chitosan,HA,β-TCP";中文检索词为:"骨组织工程,支架材料,细胞外基质,脱钙骨基质,壳聚糖,羟基磷灰石,β-磷酸三钙".根据纳入标准排除重复性研究,保留30篇文献进行归纳总结.结果及结论:支架材料是构建组织工程骨的主体,行使细胞外基质的功能,包括为组织细胞的修复活动提供适宜的微环境,抵挡来自周围组织的压力,用于承重部位暂时行使部分功能等.目前人工合成材料和天然材料各有优缺点,人工合成材料现存问题主要在于材料的细胞黏附率低,难以完全降解,致畸性和致癌性有待明确;天然材料则需要更好地解决材料的抗原性和机械性能的关系,降解速度的调控问题.充分了解现有材料的特点为寻找新方法及新材料提供理论依据.%BACKGROUND: The key link of bone tissue engineering is scaffold materials, which is essential for cells transplantation and bone growth, s o as to act as the substitute of bone excellular matrrx.OBJECTIVE: To s umm arize the development of scaffold materials of bone tiss ue engineering and to prospect the trend. METHODS: The relative literatures addressing synthetic or natural scaffold materials published between 1995-01-12 and 2011-01 in PubMed database, Wanfang database, CN W and VIP database were searched by the first author. The search terms were "bone tissue engineering, scaffold material, extracellular matrix, D BM, chitosan, HA, B-TCP" in English and Chinese. The repeated studies were removed according to inclusive criteria, and finally 30 articles were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Scaffold material is the key point of tissue engineering bone which exerts the function as the extracellular matrix, such as providing a proper micro environment for restoration of tissues and cells, withstanding pressure from surrounding tissues, and temporarily resuming partial function of stress-bearing site, and so on. Currentiy, synthetic materials and natural materials have their own advantages and disadvantages. Flows of synthetic materials are low cell adhesion rate, only partial degradation, unclear teratogenicity and carcinogenicity; while, antigenicity of natural materials should be lower, and the relationship between mechanical properly and control of degradation speedshould be more coordinated. Sufficient knowledge about the characteristics of the materials will provide theoretical foundation for searching new methods and new materials.