围绝经期妇女体成分及静息能量代谢变化

摘要

BACKGROUND:Aging, lack of estrogen and few activities may lead to the decrease of resting energy expenditure in menopause women so as to induce the body composition changes, which can result in disease, such as obesity and fracture. OBJECTIVE:To explore the change of body composition and resting metabolic rate among premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. METHODS:2 312 women who came to outpatient clinic were recruited, including 1 310 premenopausal women, 790 perimenopausal women and 212 postmenopausal women. Body composition and resting energy expenditure were measured in each woman. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Body fat percentage of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women was significantly higher than that of pre-menopausal women. (2) There was no significant difference in resting metabolic rate among the three groups. When adjusted body weight, the resting energy expenditure per kilogram was significantly lower in perimenopausal women than in premenopausal women. (3) Bone mineral density, femoral neck strength, lower limb maximal strength, and leg muscle distribution coefficient were significantly lower in postmenopausal women than in perimenopausal and premenopausal women (P < 0.05). (4) Weight and leg muscle distribution coefficient were positively correlated with the resting energy expenditure per kilogram, and height, body mass index, body fat percentage were negatively correlated with the resting energy expenditure per kilogram. These findings indicate that the body composition can change in women after menopause, such as body fat increasing, muscle content decreasing, and bone mass loss. There is a certain relationship between the change in body composition and resting energy expenditure.%背景：女性绝经后雌激素水平下降、年龄增长、活动水平下降都可能引起静息能量消耗的降低，进而引起绝经后女性体成分变化，导致疾病，如肥胖、骨折。目的：观察绝经前、围绝经期、绝经后妇女体成分及静息代谢率的变化。方法：收集门诊就诊的2312例妇女，其中绝经前1310例、围绝经期790例、绝经后212例，测定体成分和静息能量消耗。结果与结论：①围绝经期和绝经后女性的全身脂肪百分比显著高于绝经前女性。②3组间的静息代谢率无显著差异，经体质量校正后围绝经期女性的每千克体质量静息代谢率显著低于绝经前女性。③绝经后女性的骨密度、股骨颈抗骨折能力、下肢最大肌力、下肢肌肉分布系数显著低于围绝经期女性和绝经前女性(P<0.05)。④体质量、下肢肌肉分布系数与每千克体质量静息代谢率呈正相关，身高、体质量指数、全身脂肪含量与每千克体质量静息代谢率呈负相关。以上结果表明，绝经后女性体成分发生变化，身体脂肪含量增加，肌肉含量减少，骨量减少；骨骼、肌肉、关节功能处于退行性变；体成分改变与静息能量消耗之间存在一定的相互关系。