脱细胞脊髓基质支架的制备及生物特性

摘要

背景:以脱细胞脊髓基质材料为构架的脊髓生物支架,已被证实可恢复或部分恢复受损的脊髓神经功能.目的:介绍脱细胞脊髓基质支架的制备方法和部分生物特性,对近年来其在脊髓组织工程中的应用及进展作一概述.方法:应用计算机检索 CNKI和 PubMed数据库中 2005年1月至2014年10月关于脱细胞脊髓基质支架材料在脊髓损伤中应用的文章,在主题和摘要中,中文以"脱细胞脊髓,支架材料,脊髓损伤,组织工程学"为检索词检索,英文以"acelular spinal cord;engineering tissue;spinal cord injury;scaffold"为检索词进行检索.结果与结论:脱细胞脊髓基质支架具有较低的抗原性、优良的生物相容性及类似脊髓的三维支架结构,但存在力学性能差及结构不稳定等缺点.通过京尼平、戊二醛等交联剂改性后可明显提高支架的生物性能.目前国内外已对脱细胞脊髓基质支架在神经修复再生方面的应用做了一些探索,为脊髓组织工程学打下了基础.由于脱细胞脊髓基质支架的诸多优点,脱细胞脊髓基质材料有望成为脊髓组织工程学的理想材料.%BACKGROUND:Acelular spinal cord matrix material for framework of spinal cord scaffold has been shown to restore the neurologic function of the damaged spinal cord completely or partialy. OBJECTIVE:To introduce the preparation and biological characteristics of acelular matrix scaffold for the spinal cord and to do an overview of its application and progress in spinal cord tissue engineering. METHODS:A computer-based search of CNKI and PubMed was performed for articles related to acelular spinal cord scaffolds published from January 2005 to October 2014. The keywords were "acelular spinal cord; scaffold; spinal cord injury; tissue engineering" in Chinese and English, appearing in the title and abstract. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The acelular spinal cord scaffold has low antigenicity, excelent biocompatibility and three-dimensional scaffold structure similar to the spinal cord, but it also possesses poor mechanical properties and structural instability. The scaffold modified by genipin and glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agents can be significantly improved in the biological performance. Currently, there are some explorations on the application of acelular spinal cord scaffold in nerve repair and regeneration, which lays a foundation for spinal cord tissue engineering. As its lots of advantages, the acelular spinal cord matrix material is expected to be an ideal material for spinal cord tissue engineering.