青少年运动员肩关节屈伸肌等速肌力测试与分析

摘要

BACKGROUND:The isokinetic muscle strength test system can quantitatively testtheshoulder flexor and extensormusclesand objectively analyze the relationship between size and balance of flexor and extensor.Therefore,itcould be used forstrength trainingmonitoringas wel asprediction and rehabilitation of sports injuries. OBJECTIVE:To understand shoulder flexor and extensor strength characteristics of adolescent softbal players, and find out shortcomings in the shoulder flexor and extensor strength to provide guidance for adolescent athletes’ strength trainingandpoint out possible sports injury risks caused by imbalanced strength. METHODS:ISOMED2000 isokinetic testing system(D&R,Germany)was employedto test theisokinetic strengthofshoulderflexor andextensor of12adolescentfemalesoftbal playersfromShanghaiSports University, China. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:With the increase of test speed, the bilateral shoulder flexor and extensor peak torque, the flexor and extensor average power ratio,andthe flexor and extensor powers were reduced, but the flexor and extensor average power was on the rise. Under the same test speed,flexor and extensor peak torque, the flexor and extensor peak torque ratio, the flexor and extensor average power, the flexor and extensor average power ratio and the flexor powersof the throwing shoulderwere significantly larger thanthoseofthenon-throwingshoulder(P< 0.05), whiletheextensor peak torque and the extensor average powerof thethrowingand non-throwing shouldersshowedno significant differences (P> 0.05).Under the same test speed, bilateral shoulder homonymous flexor strength ratio was larger than that of the extensor, andthe extensor powerof the throwing shoulderwas less thanthatof the non-throwingshoulder.The ratio ofhomolateralshoulder flexor and extensor ranged from 70% to 80%. These results indicate that there is a significant difference betweentheflexor strength ofthebilateral shoulders inadolescent softbal players,but the bilateralextensor strengthis similar.Flexor fast strength and extensor maximum strengthof the throwing shoulderare lower. Besides, the isokinetic muscle strength test system canbe used toevaluate the flexor and extensor strengthinadolescent softbal athletes,based on whichcoachescangivetargetedstrength traininginadolescent softbal athletes.%背景：等速肌力测试系统能够对肩关节屈伸肌力量进行量化测试，客观分析屈伸肌力量的大小与平衡关系，可用于力量训练监控以及运动损伤的预测和康复治疗。目的：了解青少年垒球运动员肩关节屈伸肌力量特征，找出肩关节屈伸肌力量方面存在的不足，为青少年运动员的力量训练提供指导，并指出力量不平衡可能存在的运动损伤风险。方法：使用德国D&R公司研制的ISOMED2000等速肌力测试系统对上海市体育运动学校12名青少年女子垒球运动员的肩关节进行屈伸肌等速肌力测试。结果与结论：①随着测试速度的增加，青少年垒球运动员两侧肩关节屈伸肌峰值力矩、屈伸肌峰值力矩比、同名侧屈伸肌肌力比、屈伸肌平均功率比、屈伸肌做功在减小，而屈伸肌平均功率在增加。②在同一测试速度下，投掷侧肩关节屈伸肌峰值力矩、屈伸肌峰值力矩比、屈伸肌平均功率、屈伸肌平均功率比、屈肌做功大于非投掷侧(P<0.05)，而投掷侧伸肌峰力矩、伸肌平均功率与非投掷侧伸肌相比没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。③在同一测试速度下，两侧肩关节同名肌屈肌肌力比大于伸肌肌力比，投掷侧伸肌做功小于非投掷侧。同侧肩关节屈伸肌比值在70%-80%之间。④结果说明，青少年垒球运动员两侧肩关节屈肌肌力存在显著性差异，伸肌肌力差异不明显；投掷侧肩关节屈肌快速力量偏低，伸肌最大力量比较低。可以利用等速肌力测试系统能够对青少年垒球运动员的肌肉屈伸肌力量进行评估，指导教练员有针对性的对青少年垒球运动员进行力量训练。