BACKGROUND:In recent years, with the in-depth research on the characteristics and functions of stem cells,stem cell research has become a hot research targeting the treatment of a variety of diseases.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of acute lung injury.METHODS:The PubMed and CNKI databases were searched by computer for relevant literatures published from January 2000 to January 2017. The key words were "mesenchymal stem cells, acute lung injury" in Chinese and English,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:As an important member of adult stem cells, human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells not only have the advantages and characteristics of most other stem cells, but also have unique advantages, such as these cells can be extracted from a vast of sources, require only non-invasive operations, and involve no violation of ethics. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells can be driven by inflammation reaction and homing to the damaged tissue, and be activated by inflammatory factors to secrete a variety of cytokines in a paracrine fashion, which inhibit neutrophils, macrophages and other immune cell migration and inhibit dendritic cell maturity, and reduce the proliferation of NK cells, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, and up-regulate anti-inflammatory cytokines and down-regulate proinflammatory cytokines, and alleviate alveolar inflammatory injury through anti-oxidation and anti-apoptotic processes. Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells can also assist in the repair or homing to the damaged tissue to directionally differentiate to replace the apoptotic and necrotic cells. All of these characteristics of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells provide new insight into the treatment of acute lung injury. As acute lung injury is caused by many pathogenic factors and its pathophysiological process is very complicated, human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in the treatment of acute lung injury has many issues to be resolved.%背景:近年来随着对干细胞功能特性不断深入的研究,干细胞已成为多种疾病治疗研究的热点领域.目的:综述人羊膜间充质干细胞移植治疗急性肺损伤的研究进展.方法:应用计算机检索2000年1月至2017年1月CNKI和PubMed数据库相关文章,中文关键词为"人羊膜间充质干细胞,急性肺损伤",英文关键词为"mesenchymal stem cel s,acute lung injury".结果与结论:作为成体干细胞的重要成员,人羊膜间充质干细胞不仅具有多数其他干细胞所具备的优势和特性,还有来源广泛、操作无创且不违背伦理学等独特优点.人羊膜间充质干细胞可因炎症反应的驱动而归巢至受损组织,被促炎因子激活而旁分泌多种细胞因子,抑制中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞等免疫细胞的迁移及树突状细胞的成熟,减少NK细胞、B淋巴细胞和T淋巴细胞的增殖活化,上调抗炎因子和下调促炎因子的表达,还可通过抗氧化和抗细胞凋亡作用减轻肺泡炎性损伤;还可辅助修复或归巢致损伤部位定向分化并替代凋亡、坏死的细胞,为急性肺损伤的治疗提供了新思路.但急性肺损伤的致病因素众多且其病理生理过程十分复杂,人羊膜间充质干细胞移植治疗急性肺损伤仍有许多不足之处亟待解决.
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