椎间盘退行性变动物模型:经济性、易行性、可靠性和可控性

摘要

BACKGROUND: Animal models are critical to study the mechanism, prevention and treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Therefore, constructing an ideal animal model of IDD is the key to further study IDD. OBJECTIVE: To review the selection and construction methods of the IDD model, so as to select and construct an ideal animal model of IDD. METHODS: A retrieval of CNKI, WanFang, VIP, SinoMed and PubMed databases was performed for the articles published before December 2016. The keywords were "intervertebral disc degeneration, animal model" in English and Chinese, respectively. All the articles were selected from the authoritative magazines, and finally 56 eligible articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are many kinds of animals used for constructing the IDD model, including small and large animals. The former has a small volume of intervertebral disc that is beneficial for nutrient and metabolite transport,so it can be used for long-term in vitro culture.The latter has a large volume of intervertebral disc,which is appropriate for biomechanical study.The animal models of IDD include in vivo and in vitro models:the in vivo models include the changed biomechanics,destroyed physical structure,spontaneous and systemic disease models;the in vitro models include in vitro cellular and organ models.However,there is still a lack of an ideal animal model that can fully simulate human IDD. Noticeably, similarity, comparability, economy, feasibility, reliability and controllability should be considered.%背景:椎间盘退行性变动物模型是研究椎间盘退变发生机制、预防和治疗该疾病的重要载体和平台.构建一种合理可行、模拟程度较高的理想动物模型,成为深入研究椎间盘退变的关键.目的:通过对当前椎间盘退行性变动物模型的模式动物选择、模型构建方法的分析比较,以期为今后椎间盘退行性变动物模型的选择提供依据,为将来理想动物模型的建立提供参考.方法:通过对CNKI、万方、维普、Sinomed 及PubMed 等数据库进行检索.检索时间为建库到2016 年12月;中文检索关键词为"椎间盘退行性变""动物模型";英文检索关键词为"intervertebral disc degeneration""animal model".选择权威杂志文章,共纳入56 篇文章.结果与结论:用于研究椎间盘退行性变动物模型的模式动物种类很多,主要分为小型动物和大型动物.小型动物椎间盘的体表比大,有利于营养及代谢物质的渗透,适合做长期体外培养;而大型动物椎间盘体积大,适合生物力学的研究.在椎间盘退行性变动物模型中有体内模型和体外模型之别;体内模型根据损伤机制的不同分为:生物力学改变模型、生理结构破坏模型、自发退变模型及全身疾病模型;体外模型根据培养组织水平的不同分为体外细胞模型、体外器官模型.构建椎间盘退行性变动物模型的方法多样、模式动物种类较多,但仍没有一种公认的、可以较为全面的模拟人类椎间盘退变的理想动物模型,应尽可能选择与人类椎间盘退行性变过程具有一定的相似性和可比性,还需要考虑经济性、易行性、可靠性和可控性等相关原则.