Objective Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) provides a treatment for patients with acute heart-lung failure. However, as an invasive procedure, it associated with high incidence of complications. It is important to a-vert and reduce the complications for improving the success rate in critically ill patients. We investigate the complications associated with ECMO after cardiac surgery and their management. Methods Clinical data from 117 postoperative patients[32 male, mean age (48.7 ± 16.5) years]supported with ECMO in the cardiovascular intensive care unit( ICU) from March 2005 to June 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. The cardiac operations they had undergone included coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 20), coronary artery bypass grafting and remodeling of left ventricle(n =9), coronary artery bypass grafting and valvular operation(n =5), repair of ventricular septal perforation following acute myocardial infarction(n =2), valvular operation( n = 46), heart/lung transplantation (n = 20/1), correction of congenital heart defects ( n = 10), and aortic operations ( n = 4). Venoarterial bypass was established in 110 patients by cannulation of the right atrium and femoral artery, and that of the right atrium and ascending aorta in 5 cases. Left atrial drainage to ECMO was added in 2 cases. Venovenous bypass was established in 2 patients with hypoxemia following cardiac surgery. Heparin was infused for maintaining the activated coagulation time (ACT) at 160 to 200 seconds for centrifugal pump(114 cases),and 200 to 250 seconds for roller pump(3 cases) to avoid thrombotic events until decannulation was achieved. Results The mean ECMO duration was 61 hours (range 3 to 225 hours). 48(41.0% ) patients died, 18 of them died of complications after weaning from circulatory assistant successfully. Complications occurred in 74 (63.2% ) patients included reoperation for hemostasis (n = 24), renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy (n =29), nosocomial infections ( n = 32) , ischemia in the extremities(n = 5), plasma leakage of oxygenators ( n = 29), gastroenteral hemorrhage ( n = 14), hemolysis ( n = 7 ), neurological complications ( n = 4) and centrifugal pump failure (n =1). Conclusion Bleeding is an early complication associated with ECMO support. The risk of nosocomial infection, renal failure and plasma leakage of oxygenators increases with the duration of ECMO support.%目的 分析体外膜式氧合(ECMO)辅助过程中相关并发症情况,以期对提高ECMO辅助抢救成功率.方法 回顾2005年3月至2008年6月117例接受ECMO辅助者的临床资料,其中静脉-静脉转流2例,静脉-升主动脉转流5例,股静脉-股动脉转流110例.结果 ECMO平均辅助时间61h.死亡48例,病死率41.0%.74例治疗过程中发生各种并发症,发生率为63.2%.主要并发症为感染32例次、肾功能衰竭需要透析29例次、氧合器血浆渗漏29例次、二次开胸止血24例次潲化道出血14例次、溶血7例次、肢体血栓5例次、神经系统并发症4例次、离心泵故障1例次.结论 出血是ECMO早期最常见的并发症,随辅助时间延长,感染、肾功能衰竭及氧合器血浆渗漏等并发症明显增加.积极预防、治疗并发症对提高ECMO病人抢救成功率非常重要.
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