目的 探讨利用放射线和胸腔镜的Hybrid技术完成心肌病心力衰竭同步化治疗的效果.方法 2007年4月至2009年9月,经心电图和组织多普勒技术明确诊断心衰伴心脏不同步运动的病人11例.在杂交手术室中,全麻双腔气管插管后先在放射线引导下左锁骨下静脉穿刺放置右心房和右心室心内膜电极;然后利用微创胸腔镜和心外膜电极技术,在术中组织多普勒食管监测下测试左心室侧壁不同位置,寻找同步化效果最理想的位置,并使用无损伤缝线固定左心室心外膜电极.围术期监测心脏结构、功能和同步化效果.结果 术中电极放置均顺利,术后顺利拔除气管插管,除1例发生肺炎外无膈肌刺激、电极脱位等并发症.术后临床症状改善出院.术后随访5～24个月.左心室最大收缩延迟时间由术前(393.4±40.2)ms缩短为(102.1±34.6)ms,左心室不同步指数(Ts-SD)由术前的(145.2±29.3)ms降为(51.0±21.4)ms,心室间机械延迟(IVMD)由术前(59.1±23.4)ms降为(31.2±11.5)ms.左心室射血分数由术前0.32±0.04升到0.41±0.07,左心室舒张末径由术前(73.1±13.4)mm降低为术后(63.2±6.7)mm.结论 联合利用放射线和微创胸腔镜心外膜电极的Hybrid技术完成心力衰竭同步化治疗安全、可行,可获得良好的临床治疗效果.%Objective The cardiac synchronization therapy (CRT) was proven to have good treatment for the cardiac conduction disorders patients with serious heart failure. But many disadvantages were gradually be noticed, such as difficulty of sinus electrode implantation, coronary sinus injury and bleeding, still one third CRT cases remain unchanged cardiac function.Recently the epicardial lead CRT therapy by the cardiac surgeons appears promising to provide better clinic resynchronization.The aim of this research is to explore the clinical value of surgical epicardial lead CRT for the cardiomyopathy heart failure with micro-invasive thoracoscopy techniques. Methods During April 2007 to Sep 2009 eleven patients were diagnosed as advanced heart failure with cardiac dysynchronization proven by the ECG and tissue Doppler echo examination. The dysynchronization parameters of tissue Doppler echo includes left ventricle maximize delay time , the left dysynchronization index (Ts-SD), the inter-ventricle mechanical delay time (IVMD), left ventricle end-dilation diameters (LVEDD) and the left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF). All the patients got the consent agreement before the surgery. In the hybrid operation room the right atrial and ventricle endocardial electrodes were placed firs guided by X ray under the general anesthesia and double lumnen incubation. Then the thoracoscope techniques were used to explore the left ventricle lateral wall. The right atrial and ventricle electrodes were connected into the three chamber pacemaker. The Tissue Doppler Echo TEE technique was used to check which part of the left ventricle lateral wall is suitable for the idea CRT therapy. Usually the latest activated part of the left ventricle wall is the goal place. Then the epicardial electrode was fixed with 4-0 prolene suture at the idea place. All the cases were performed by the same surgeons group in the same medical center. The resynchronization features were examined after surgery and during the follow up. Results The endocardial and epicardial electrodes were implanted successfully without any serious complication. All patients were weaned and discharged without any adverse cardiac episodes. There is no mortality during the follow up period. All the patients received the β-blokers, diuretics, ACEI/ARB and other traditional medicine for the heart failure.The Tissue Doppler showed the E peak wave separated form the A peak which means the good resynchronization between the atrium and the ventricle. After surgery during the follow up the left ventricle maximize delay time decreased from (393.4 ±40.2 ) ms to ( 102.1 ± 34.6) ms, the left dysynchronization index (Ts-SD) decreased from (145.2±29.3)ms to(51.0±21.4) ms, the inter-ventricle mechanical delay time (IVMD) decreased from (59.1 ±23.4) ms to (31.2 ± 11.5 ) ms, left ventricle end-dilation diameters increased from (73.1 ± 13.4) mm to (63.2 ± 6.7) mn and the left ventricle ejection fraction increased from 0.32 ±0.04 to 0.41 ±0.07. Conclusion The micro-invasive surgical synchronization therapy could get good CRT result for the cardiomyopathy heart failure patients. Some patients traditionally in the waiting list for the heart transplant could be considered for the CRT therapy candidates.
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