Microwave-Assisted Solid Phase Organic Synthesis.Application to Indole Library Construction

摘要

Microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) has attained increasing popularity due to recent advancement in the instrumentation of microwave technology. Now, MAOS can be performed under controlled temperature and pressure to yield reproducible results. For combinatorial chemistry,the dramatically increased reaction rate under microwave irradiation at high temperature provides an ideal solution to those sluggish reactions, in particular the combinatorial reactions carried out on solid supports. In this presentation, we describe our results on microwave-assisted solid-phase organic synthesis (MASPOS) applied to the construction of indole libraries such as 5. Compounds 4 were synthesized on the Rink amide resins using IRORI MicroKanTM reactors encoded with a radio-frequency (Rf) tag. The resin-bound terminal alkynes 2, prepared via the amide bond, were cross-coupled with the nitroaryl triflate under the conditions adopted from the solution reactions developed by us1,2. The nitro group of 3 was then reduced and sulfonylated to give 4. Ring closure reactions within 4 with Cu(OAc)2 were examined initially in refluxing DCE for 24 h, but no indole product was detected after cleavage from the resin. Therefore, the same reactions were carried out under microwave irradiation at 200 ℃ for 10 min on a Personal Chemistry Emrys Creator, the desired indoles 5 were obtained in 60-95% overall yields calculated from 1 and in ＞90% purities in most cases3. It is necessary to mention that the IRORI microreactors cannot tolerate the high temperature and the resin-bound 4 must be transferred to the reaction vials for the microwave-assisted ring closure reactions. A traceless synthesis of an indole library via MASPOS will be discussed as well.4