地球同步卫星在轨工程测控任务通常由地面测控系统完成．随着技术水平的发展，如果在轨地球同步卫星能够实现自主工程测控，将大大减轻地面测控系统负担，提高卫星独自生存能力，降低系统运行成本，并将成为卫星测控技术新的发展方向．本文提出卫星自主在轨测控方案，研究了当前地球同步卫星在轨工程测控的主要项目及实现算法．对其进行的可行性分析表明，尽管受到轨道测量能力的制约，在轨地球同步卫星仍可实现完全或地面有限参与情况下的自主工程测控．在此基础上，设计了一种地球同步在轨卫星完全自主工程测控的原理方案，通过分析其技术难点及存在的风险，提出应对措施．研究结果表明，基于目前卫星制造水平和成熟的在轨测控技术，实现在轨地球同步卫星自主工程测控技术可行，其是解决卫星数量急剧增加与地面测控能力有限这一突出矛盾的有效途径．%Usually, it is the duty of ground satellite control centers to provide housekeeping service for on-orbit geostationary satellites. With the evolution in technologies and human cognition, if an on-orbit geostationary satellite can take over the task by itself, it will dramatically reduce the burden bore by ground satellite control centers, along with improving its independent survivability and lowering the entire system operation cost, perhaps being the future of on-orbit satellite management. This paper presents the key items of the housekeeping of a typical on-orbit geostationary satellite and studies algorithms which are used to control it. Then the possibility of autonomous housekeeping for an on-board satellite is discussed here. The result manifests that, even though the limit on orbit parameters acquiring, it is still possible for a satellite to manage itself in a short term without ground attendance or in a long run with a little attendance. Finally we design a prototype satellite, which iscapable of serving housekeeping by itself. Taking into account such factors as the obstacle and risk to practically implement the proposal, some methods and measures are presented here. Our study shows that it is practical, based on the currently mature skill on satellite production and control, to produce such satellites with the ability of autonomous housekeeping. It may be an available way out of the dilemma between tough tasks caused by swelling satellites and the shortage of resource of ground satellite control centers.
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