基于地形修正的无线传感器网络陷阱空洞检测

摘要

How to get the size of the holes in wireless sensor networks directly affects trap hole detection. Previous hole detection algorithms always base on the disk coverage model,and it can not get the actual size of the holes in rugged terrain. For the case of hilly terrain, this paper put forward a topographic correction algorithm based on the slope information in digital elevation maps to detect trap holes in rugged terrain by constructing directional sensing model for the sensor nodes. Based on this method,this paper further studies on the influence on trap holes detection of slope, aspect and node spacing,and finds a approximate method to determine the node spacing according to the terrain. The simulation result demonstrates the algorithm and help to find out the value of the node spacing to make the rate of trap holes below 5%. This result can provide reference for the deployment of sensor networks in rugged terrain.%无线传感器网络中覆盖空洞大小的识别直接影响陷阱空洞的判断。现有陷阱空洞检测算法均基于理想圆盘覆盖模型，在起伏地形条件下不能准确识别空洞实际大小，导致算法失效。本文针对丘陵地形特点，提出一种基于数字高程地图坡度信息的地形修正方法，通过构建传感器节点方向梯度感知模型，实现起伏地形下的陷阱空洞检测。在此基础上，进一步研究了节点间距、坡度和坡向对陷阱空洞检测结果的影响规律，找到一种根据地形确定节点部署间距的近似计算方法。通过仿真实验，验证了本文方法的有效性，并得出了在保证陷阱空洞的发生概率低于5%时的节点间距取值。该结果为在起伏地形下部署传感器网络提供了参考。