基于SSR标记的云南地方稻种群体内遗传多样性分析

摘要

用20对SSR引物对原产于云南的16份地方稻种和2份选育品种进行单个品种群体内的遗传多样性分析.结果表明,87.5％的地方品种群体内SSR多态性高于选育品种,而12.5％的地方品种群体内SSR标记多态性与选育品种相近.81.2％的地方稻种群体内的等位基因数(Na)和Nei基因遗传多样性指数(He)高于选育品种,而18.8％的地方品种群体内Na和He与选育品种相同或略小.水稻地方稻种群体内He的差异较大,其变异范围为0.0146～0.5117,其中,黄板所-1(1980年收集)、黄板所-2(2007年收集)、麻线谷-1(1980年收集)、麻线谷-2(2007年收集)的群体内遗传多样性较高,分别为0.2327、0.4214、0.5117和0.4489.87.5％地方品种的杂合度(Ho)明显高于选育品种；地方品种群体间遗传多样性差异很大,其中1/4的遗传差异来源于地方稻种群体内,差异极显著.RM333、RM257和RM180在供试云南地方稻种群体内的多态性、等位基因数、多样性指数和变异百分率均较高,适用于云南地方稻种群体内遗传多样性检测.%Genetic diversity within populations of 16 rice landraces and 2 improved cultivars from Yunnan Province were analyzed using 20 SSR markers. The results showed that the SSR marker polymorphism within populations for 87. 5% of rice landraces was higher than that of the improved cultivars, while the polymorphism within populations for 12. 5% of landraces was similar with that of the improved cultivars. For 81. 2% of rice landraces, the number of alleles (Na) and Nei's genetic diversity index (He), were higher than those of the improved cultivars, and for 18. 8% of landraces, the figures were same as or slightly smaller than those of the improved cultivars. The He within populations of rice landraces significantly differed, ranging from 0. 0146 to 0. 5117, while Huangbansuo-1 ( Huangbansuo collected in 1980), Huangbansuo-2(Huangbansuo collected in 2007), Maxiangu-1(Maxiangu collected in 1980) and Maxiangu-2 (Maxiangu collected in 2007) were the highest with figures of 0. 2327, 0. 4214, 0. 5117 and 0. 4489, respectively. Heterozygosity within rice varieties for 87. 5% of rice landraces was significantly higher than that of the improved cultivars. AMOVA showed that 1/4 genetic difference among rice landraces were from within populations of rice landraces(P<0. 001). The polymorphism, Ne, He and percentage of variation within populations of rice landraces at RM333, RM257 and RM180 were higher than others. It was speculated that RM333, RM257 and RM180 were suitable for testing genetic diversity within rice landraces of Yunnan Province.