精神分裂症患者日常生活能力及相关因素分析

摘要

Objective To explore the activity of daily living in patients with schizophrenia and its related factors. Methods 200 patients with schizophrenia were investigated with the questionnaire about general condition, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) when hospitalized. The relationship between the scores of ADL and sexuality, age, education level, marital status, profession before the disease attacking, household, disease type, course of the disease, frequency of attacking and hospital-ization or scores of PANSS was analyzed. Results The score of ADL was significantly above the normal level (t=32.206, P=0.000) in the schizophrenics. The score of ADL was not significantly different among the patients in different gender, education level, marital status, profession, household and the frequency of hospitalization (P>0.05), but was significantly different among the ages (F=3.851, P=0.023) and disease type (F=l9.793, P=0.000). The score of ADL positively correlated with the course of the disease (r=0.161, P=0.023), frequency of attacking (r=0.396, P=0.000) and the difference value between the numbers of attacking and hospitalization (r=0.425, P=0.000), so as the total and each factors scores of PANSS (P=0.000), but did not correlated with frequency of hospitalization (r= 0.097, P=0.174). By multiple regression analysis, only 3 factors score of PANSS, the frequency of attacking and the difference value between the numbers of attacking and hospitalization entered into the regression equation (F=53.630, P=0.000). Conclusion The patients with schizophrenia generally fall in activity of daily living. The more serious the disease, the more frequent the attacking and the more the difference value between the numbers of attacking and hospitalization, the poorer the activity of daily living was.%目的 探讨精神分裂症患者日常生活能力及其相关因素.方法 用患者一般情况调查表、阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)和日常生活能力量表(ADL),对200 例精神分裂症患者在其入院时进行调查,分析患者性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、病前职业、户籍地、病型、总病程、发病和住院次数与PANSS 评分和ADL 评分的关系.结果 本组患者ADL 评分显著高于正常水平(t=32.206,P=0.000);ADL 评分在性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、病前职业、户籍地和住院次数患者之间均无显著性差异(P>0.05);在年龄(F=3.851,P=0.023)和疾病分型(F=19.793,P=0.000)患者间有显著性差异.ADL 评分与总病程(r=0.161,P=0.023)、发病次数(r=0.396,P=0.000)以及发病与住院次数的差(r=0.425,P=0.000)正相关,但与住院次数无相关(r=0.097,P=0.174);与PANSS总分和各因子分正相关(P=0.000);多元回归分析显示,PANSS 3 个因子评分、发病次数、发病次数与住院次数的差值进入回归方程(F=53.630,P=0.000).结论 精神分裂症患者普遍存在生活能力缺陷,病情越严重、发病次数越多、发病与住院次数的差值越大,其日常生活能力缺陷越严重.