规范食物过敏相关消化系统疾病的诊断与管理

摘要

食物过敏相关消化系统疾病是指食物过敏引起消化道黏膜损伤,以消化道症状为主要表现的一类疾病.包括口腔过敏综合征、严重过敏反应、食物蛋白诱导的肠病、食物蛋白诱导的小肠结肠炎综合征、食物蛋白诱导的直肠结肠炎、乳糜泻、嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎、嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎等.诊断主要依据病史、临床表现及食物激发试验.皮肤点刺试验和血清IgE检测有助于IgE介导的食物过敏的筛查.应根据不同疾病状况来决定是否行内镜检查.此类疾病的管理原则是:回避饮食,选择适当营养替代,随访进行营养监测与评估,合理使用药物.%Food allergy related digestive disease refers to damage of digestive tract mucosa caused by allergy,and digestive tract symptoms are the main manifestation.Including oral allergy syndrome,anaphylaxis,food protein-induced enteropathy,food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome,food protein-induced proctocolitis,celiac disease,eosinophilic esophagitis,eosinophilic gastroenteritis.The diagnosis was based on history,manifestation,and food chanllenge.Skin prick test and specific serum IgE test are helpful for screening IgE mediated food allergy.Endoscopy should be based on different disease conditions.The management principles of these diseases include avoiding diet,choosing proper nutrition substitute,following up,carrying out nutrition monitoring and evaluation,and rationally using medicine.