2011年春季北极臭氧异常低值监测和特征分析

摘要

利用中国第二代极轨气象卫星“风云三号”A星(FY-3A)搭载的紫外臭氧总量探测仪(TOU),连续监测全球臭氧总量分布的遥感数据,分析后发现,自2011年3月初开始,北极地区臭氧总量急剧下降,形成一个臭氧低值区,3月中旬低值区中心部分臭氧总量日平均值只有同期的一半左右.分析风云三号气象卫星及国外卫星1979-2011年北极地区春季臭氧监测结果与北极平流层低层极涡活动的关系.研究结果表明,2011年春季北极臭氧总量异常低值是极冷的极涡引起的,自20世纪80年代以来北极春季臭氧总量呈现下降的趋势,而北极春季臭氧总量的年际变化主要取决于北极极涡的强弱.%Total ozone observations from the Total Ozone Unit ( TOU ) on board the second-generation polar orbiting meteorological satellite of China, Fengyun-3/A (FY-3/A) , reveal that total column ozone over the Arctic declined rapidly from the beginning of March 2011. An extensive region of low column ozone formed around mid March. Monthly mean total column ozone in March 2011 was about 20% lower than the average from 1979 to 2010. The daily total column density of ozone near the center of low ozone area in mid march was less than 240 DU, about half of the total column ozone observed during the same period over the last 10 years. Total column ozone data observed by different satellites from 1979 to 2011 are analyzed. Results show that the Arctic depletion of ozone in spring of 2011 was initiated by the cold polar vortex in the lower stratosphere. The mean value of total ozone in March over the Arctic has a decreasing trend over the past 32 years, and its variation is strongly correlated with the polar vortex.