目的 考察半夏酸水渗漉提取样品单次给药对小鼠肝毒性"量-时-毒"关系.方法 单次给药"时-毒"关系研究:制备1.77 g·kg-1半夏酸水渗漉液,取小鼠按不同时间点分组,25 mL·kg-1给小鼠灌胃给药1次,观察给药后小鼠死亡情况和毒性反应,分别于给药后相应时间点取血,测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ATL)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平,计算肝体比值,另取肝组织,常规染色,光学显微镜下观察其组织形态学变化;单次给药"量-毒"关系研究:取小鼠按不同剂量分组,单次灌胃给予不同剂量的半夏酸水渗漉液2.68g·kg-1、2.14g·kg-1、1.72g·kg-1、1.37g·kg-1、1.10 g·kg-1、0.88 g·kg-1,空白组给同体积蒸馏水,于给药后2h按"时-毒"研究方法对小鼠进行相应处理.结果 半夏肝毒性"时-毒"关系的研究显示小鼠单次灌胃1.77 g·kg-1 的半夏酸水渗漉液,血清ALT、AST.值随时间的不同造成的肝损害的程度也不同,毒性高峰出现在给药后2h,持续时间约达72h.肝组织病理形态学检查显示,半夏酸水渗漉液在给药后2～4h对肝组织产生明显损伤.半夏肝毒性"量-毒"关系的研究显示小鼠单次灌胃较高剂量半夏酸水渗漉液对肝组织产生明显损伤,且随着剂量的增大,可使血清ALT、AST值显著升高.肝组织病理形态学检查显示给予较高剂量的半夏酸水渗漉液后,可致肝细胞部分出现灶状坏死,而低剂量给小鼠灌胃,肝组织病理形态学未见异常改变.结论 单次给予较高剂量的半夏酸水渗漉液可造成小鼠急性肝损伤,毒性出现早、持续时间长,具体表现为血清ALT、AST值升高甚或肝组织病理形态学的改变,且呈明显的时毒、量毒关系.%Objective To study the "dosage-time-toxicity" relationship ofhepatotoxicity caused by single dosage percolation liquid of acid from Rhizoma Pinelliae to mice. Methods Mice are grouped according to different time or dosage points, to observe the death condition and toxicity of mice, detect ALT、AST in serum, calculate liver index, and the morphological changes of liver tissue under light microscope. Results Compared with the control group, ALT,AST level in serum are peaked after 2 hours' administration, and restored near normality after 72 hours. Compared with the normal group, high dosage group percolation liquid of acid extracts produces significant liver injury, and ALT, AST in serum increase significantly with the dosage increased. Under light microscope, the different dosages' liver tissue of mice all have different degree's edema and fatty degeneration in liver cells, and the high-dose group appears to be necrosis, lobular structure unclear. Conclision The percolation liquid of acid extracts from Rhizoma Pinelliae gavaged a single dose to mice can cause acute liver injury and even death, and there are certain time-toxicity and dosage-toxicity relationships.
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