何首乌不同炮制品水提物对小鼠急性毒性实验研究

摘要

目的 比较何首乌不同炮制品水提物的急性毒性大小,为何首乌不同炮制品的临床安全用药提供毒理学实验数据.方法 按照2015版《中国人民共和国药典》标准和安徽省、浙江省、河南省、上海市及北京市的地方炮制规范,分别制备何首乌黑豆煮组,黑豆汁蒸6h组,隔水炖组,清蒸组,黑豆汁蒸18h组五种炮制品.根据经典急性毒性实验法测定其各自的灌胃给药的半数致死量(LD50)、最大耐受量(MTD)和最大给药量(MFD),连续观察14天,比较不同炮制品水提物急毒大小和表现差异.结果 何首乌不同炮制品水提物除生品为MTD外,其余各组均为MFD,主要毒性表现为腹泻、怠动、毛色不华,死亡前表现是震颤、呼吸困难.生品组MTD:107.10 g·kg-1·d-1,相当于临床70 kg人每kg体重日用量的1249.50倍;黑豆煮组、黑豆汁蒸6h组、隔水炖组、清蒸组、黑豆汁蒸18h组的MFD实验结果按生药量计算分别为309.60、328.32、336.96、345.60和354.24g·kg-1·d-1,分别相当于当于临床70kg人每kg体重日用量的1 806.00、1915.20、1 965.60、2 016.00和2 066.40倍.结论 何首乌对小鼠急毒强度依次为:生品组＞黑豆煮组＞黑豆汁蒸6h组＞隔水炖组＞清蒸组＞黑豆汁蒸18 h组.炮制对何首乌确有减毒作用,炮制方法不同,减毒效果也存在差异.%Objective To compare the acute toxicity of different processed water extracts of Polygoni multiflori,and to provide the toxicological experimental data for the clinical safety of Polygoni multiflori.Methods Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 Edition and Anhui,Zhejiang,Henan,Shanghai Beijing provincial specification of Chinese materia medica was provided for preparing five processed products.They are Bean-processing,Bean juice-6 h,Stew,Steamed and Bean juice-18 h respectively.According to the classical method of acute toxicity,calculation of intragastric administration with lethal dose per kilogram of body weight (LDs0),by the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the maximum dose (MFD),continuous observation for 14 days,compared the acute toxicity of different processed products of water extract of Polygoni multiflori.Results The Raw are able to make MTD and the other groups are able to make MFD.The main toxicity of Polygoni multigori were diarrhea,lazy movement,unsmooth hair, and emaciation,close eyes,and trembling,dyspnea before death.The MTD of raw was 107.10 g·kg-1·d-1,which is equal to 1 249.50 times of 70 kg people's daily dried medicinal herb expenses.The MFD of Bean-processing,Bean juice-6 h,Stew,Steamed and Bean juice-18 h were 309.60,328.32,336.96,345.60,354.24 g·kg-1·d-1 respectively,which was equal to 1 806.00,1 915.20,1 965.60,2 016.00 and 2 066.40 times of 70 kg people's daily dried medicinal herb expenses.Conclusion The acute toxicity of different processed products of water extract of Polygoni multiflori in mice is Raw ＞ Bean-processing ＞ Bean juice-6 h ＞ Stew ＞ Steamed ＞ Bean juice-18 h.The hepatotoxicity of Polygoni multiflori could be reduced by processing.Different processing methods have different effects of reducing toxicity.