学龄儿童与青年人言语诱发听性脑干反应的比较

摘要

目的 比较学龄儿童与青年人言语诱发听性脑干反应( speech-ABR)的基本特征,探讨学龄期儿童脑干言语处理能力的发育情况.方法 对纯音听阈、声导抗、耳声发射和短声听性脑干反应(click-ABR)测试结果均正常的20名青年人(21～ 26岁)和18名学龄儿童(6～11岁)行speech-ABR测试.刺激声为/da/音,采用插入式耳机,右耳给声.结果 学龄儿童与青年人speech-ABR波形均由瞬态反应(V、A、C、O波)及周期性反应(D、E、F波)等几部分构成.学龄儿童的O波潜伏期(47.80 ±0.38)ms短于青年人(48.10±0.40) ms,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.330,P=0.026)；学龄儿童F波波幅(-0.21±0.15)μV大于青年人(-0.12±0.08)μV,差异具有统计学意义(t=2.146,P =0.043)；二者其余各波的潜伏期及波幅差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).结论 学龄儿童与青年人speech-ABR的基本特征相近,其脑干言语处理能力不亚于青年人.%Objective The aim of this study was to compare the basic characters of the speech-evoked auditory brainstem response ( speech-ABR ) between young adults and school-age children.Methods Speech-ABR of thirty eight normal hearing subjects including eighteen school-age children and twenty young adults were recorded.The speech syllable/da/as stimulus sound was transmitted to right ear by insertion the earphones in speech-ABR test.Results Response waves of speech-ABR in school-age children were similar to those in young adults,which contained the onset response ( peak V and A),the transition ( peak C),the frequency following responses (peak D,E and F) and the offset response (peak O).Both the latency and amplitude showed no significant difference in all waves between young adults and school-age children,except the latency of wave O and amplitude of wave F.The latency of O wave in school-age children (47.80 ±0.38) ms were significantly shorter than that in adults (48.10 ± 0.40 ) ms ( t =2.330,P =0.026).The amplitude of F wave in school-age children ( -0.21 ±0.15) μV were significantly larger than that in adults ( -0.12 ±0.08)μV (t=2.146,P =0.043).Conclusion Both the latency and amplitude of the speech ABR in school age children at 6-11 years old show the great similarity with the young adults,which indicate that the ability of speech processing of brainstem in children has completely reached maturity.