As the aging population increases in China, the incidence of osteoporosis increases as well.Because of the progress in osteoporosis study, the pathogenesis of osteoporosis has increasingly drawn attention in the recent years.In the traditional concept, the cause of osteoporosis includes endocrine disturbance, metabolic disturbance, and mechanical factor.However, the concept of osteoimmunology has been suggested recently.It is considered that immune system and immune factor play an important role in the development of osteoporosis.Osteoimmunology is a field of research dedicating to the study of the interactions between the immune system, the hemopoietic system, and the bone.The cells in the immune system that regulate bone cells and the hemopoietic function are T lymphocytes.These cells secrete inflammatory cytokines and Wnt ligands that promote bone resorption and stimulate bone formation.In addition, T cells regulate bone homeostasis by cross talking with BM stromal cells and osteoblastic cells via CD40 ligand (CD40L) and other costimulatory molecules.This article describes the effect of immune factor on the development of osteoporosis.%随着我国老年人口的增加，骨质疏松症发病率也在不断增加，由于骨质疏松研究的深入进展，近年来越来越重视其发病机制，传统观念认为：骨质疏松症的病因主要包括内分泌紊乱、代谢紊乱以及机械性因素。然而，最近研究提出了“骨免疫学”的观点，认为在骨质疏松症的发生发展过程中，免疫系统和免疫因素起了重要的调节作用。骨免疫学是专门研究免疫系统、造血系统及骨骼之间相互作用的领域，免疫系统中调节骨细胞及造血功能的细胞是T淋巴细胞，这些T淋巴细胞分泌炎性因子和Wnt配体，促进骨的形成和吸收。另外，T淋巴细胞通过CD40配体及共刺激分子调节骨间质细胞及成骨细胞之间代谢的动态平衡。本文将阐述免疫学因素在骨质疏松发病中的作用。
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