体育锻炼在促进骨骼发育及骨质疏松防治中的效用分析

摘要

Studies have confirmed the positive effect of physical exercise on bone development and prevention of bone loss,and its role in preventing osteoporosis is gaining more importance.However,there is still lack of comprehensive and system understanding of how physical exercise promotes bone development,what exercise intensity and frequency are more effective,how to choose the style of physical exercise for people of different age groups,and what are the effects of physical exercise on the prevention and therapy of osteoporosis.A large of amount of evidence showed that during growing period,physical exercise could make bones continuously in a mildly overloaded state,and thus lead to increased bone modelling and bone mass.In adulthood,bone strength is closely related to muscle strength,bone metabolism is mainly bone remodeling,and physical exercised could prevent bone loss.In addition,exercise could enhance the function of heart and lungs,improve blood circulation,improve respiratory and digestive function,and improve the body’ s flexibility.Therefore,throughout life,suitable physical exercise should be maintained.This review presents the comprehensive profiling of physical exercise on bone development and the prevention of osteoporosis in daily life.%体育锻炼具有促进骨骼生长发育、延缓骨质丢失的作用,其在防治骨质疏松中的作用越来越受到重视.但是人们对于体育锻炼促进骨骼发育的作用机制、锻炼强度和频率对骨骼发育的影响、不同年龄人群体育锻炼方案的选择、以及体育锻炼在骨质疏松防治中的效用等缺乏全面系统的认识.大量研究证实,在生长发育期,体育锻炼使骨骼系统持续处于轻度超负荷状态,引起骨塑建使得骨量增加;而到了成熟期,成年人的骨强度与肌力大体相平衡,骨骼系统内部以维护模式的骨重建为主,体育锻炼可以防止骨质丢失.此外,体育锻炼还能增强心肺功能,改善血液循环系统、呼吸系统、消化系统的机能状况,增强有机体的适应能力.因此,保持适度的体育锻炼应当贯穿整个生命活动过程中.本文就生活中最常见的体育锻炼在骨骼发育以及骨质疏松预防中的作用做简要概述.