游离肌皮瓣移植治疗难治性小腿和足部创伤后骨髓炎

摘要

目的 探讨游离肌皮瓣移植治疗难治性小腿和足部创伤后慢性骨髓炎的有效性.方法 2004年2月至2007年12月,应用游离肌皮瓣治疗小腿和足部创伤后慢性骨髓炎11例,男9例,女2例;年龄18～75岁,平均35岁;胫骨骨髓炎8例,跖骨骨髓炎3例.患者均接受过4～5次手术和长期抗生素治疗而骨髓炎仍然不愈.骨髓炎病程12～47个月,平均26个月.根据Cierny-Mader慢性骨髓炎分型:ⅢA型3例,ⅢBL型2例,ⅥA型4例,ⅥBL型2例.手术去除内固定,严格彻底清创后,即刻行游离肌皮瓣移植,9例行游离背阔肌肌皮瓣移植,2例行游离腹直肌肌皮瓣移植;6例清创后形成胫骨骨缺损造成局部不稳定者采用单边外固定架固定.结果 术后随访1.5～5年,平均3.5年.2例患者的游离肌皮瓣发生部分坏死,经清创、游离植皮后愈合,余9例未出现严重手术并发症.4例胫骨缺损范围较大的患者行二期植骨,其中1例松质骨植骨者,骨愈合时间5个月;2例为骨块嵌入植骨,骨愈合时间8个月和10个月;1例骨缺损长度为10cm者,行游离腓骨瓣移植,骨愈合时间4个月.余7例未植骨,骨愈合良好.结论 治疗难治性慢性骨髓炎的关键是严格地清除感染的骨质、死骨、炎性及瘢痕组织;游离肌皮瓣移植能以血运丰富的组织消灭死腔、覆盖创面,是治疗小腿和足部慢性骨髓炎的有效方法.%Objective To evaluate the efficiency of free myocutaneous flap transfer for the treatment of refractory post-traumatic osteomyelitis of the lower leg and foot. Methods Eleven patients with refractory post-traumatic osteomyelitis of the lower legs and feet were treated between February 2004 and December 2007. There were 9 males and 2 females. The average age was 3.5 years. All patients had at least four to five unsuccessful surgical procedures and prolonged antibiotic treatment prior to presentation. The mean duration of osteomyelitis was 26 months (12-47 months). According to the Ciemy-Mader classification, there were 3 cases for ⅢA, 2 for ⅢBL, 4 for ⅥA and 2 for ⅥBL. After radical debridement, free myocutaneous flaps were immediately performed. Nine latissimus dorsi and 2 rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps were used.External fixation was applied in 6 patients with skeletal instability due to tibial defects. Results An average follow-up was 3.5 years. Two cases suffered partial necrosis and were managed successfully with split-thickness skin grafts later. In 4 patients of presenting segmental bone defect, autogenous bone grafting was applied in one patient and achieved consolidation after 5 months; bone transplantation in 2 patients and achieved consolidation after 8 and 10 months; and vascularized fibula graft in one patient in whom the gap of the tibia was about 10 cm and achieved consolidation after 4 months. The other 7 patients of this group achieved bone consolidation without bone graft. Conclusion The cornerstone of the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis was to be the radical debridement of all involved necrotic and infected soft tissue and bone.The free myocutaneous flaps transfer which has the advantage of obliteration of dead space and stable coverage of the defect was a safe and viable treatment option in chronic osteomyelitis of the lower leg and foot.