目的调查盲人患病率及其白内障患者治疗的情况。方法按全国统一标准、方法和程序对云南省个旧市＜40岁的人群进行线索调查，≥40岁的人群进行普查。同时在此基础上对以白内障为主的患者进行复明手术。结果在受检的361 214例人群中，双眼盲者1 037例，患病率为0.29%；单眼盲者983例，患病率为0.27%。其中双眼可治盲593例（57.18%），单眼可治盲617例（62.77%）。在1 037例双眼盲中，其致盲原因依次为白内障（51.98%）、眼外伤（19.96%）、角膜病（16.00%）、青光眼（10.03%）、屈光系统疾患及其他眼疾（2.03%）。患病率女性高于男性（χ2=53.48，P＜0.01）。在老年者中盲目的患病率增高。不同民族和不同职业间盲目的患病率差异有显著性。双眼盲及单眼盲患者的首位致盲眼病均为白内障，占双眼可治盲539例的90.89%及单眼可治盲500例的81.03%。在1 039例白内障患者中，已行白内障手术738例，其中双眼白内障396例，单眼白内障342例。术后3个月复查，脱盲率（最好矫正视力＞0.05）为97.73%，脱残率（最好矫正视力＞0.3）为86.36%，配镜率（含人工晶状体植入）为85.60%。结论盲与年龄、性别、民族及职业有关，其各有重点致盲原因。首位致盲原因为白内障，手术治疗白内障仍是今后防盲治盲的首要任务。%Objective To calculate the percentage of blindness in the mass and evaluate the current condition of treatment for cataract. Methods In accordance with the national unified standards and procedures, a clue survey of the people aged under 40 years and a general survey of the people over 40 years in Gejiu city, Yunnan province were carried out. In the mean time, operations were performed for the patients with cataract. Results Of the total 361 214 persons being surveyed, there were binocular blindness in 1 037 cases (0.29%) and monocular one in 983 cases (0.27%). Of the cases with binocular blindness, 593 cases (57.18%), and of the monocular blindness, 617 cases (62.77%) could be treated. The leading causes of 1 037 cases with binocular blindness were cataract (51.98%), injuries of the eye (19.96%), corneal opacity (16.00%), glaucoma (10.03%), refractive error and other ocular diseases (2.03%). The average prevalence rate in the female cases was higher than that of male cases (χ2=53.48，P<0.01). Blindness was associated with older age. There were variations in the prevalence rates in different aboriginals and in cases with different occupations. Cataract was the main disease to cause both the monocular and binocular blindness. Among the patients with cataract 539 cases (90.89%) of binocular blindness and 500 cases (81.03%) of monocular blindness were curable. The cataract operation was performed on 738 cases with cataract, including 396 cases with binocular blindness and 342 cases with monocular blindness. At postoperative 3 months, the rate of the best corrected visual acuity (eye sight >0.05) was accounted for 97.73%, the rate of the eyesight >0.3, 86.36% and the rate of wearing glasses (including implantation of intraocular lens), 85.60%. Conclusion The prevalence of blindness is associated with the aboriginal, occupation, age and sex. The leading cause of blindness is cataract. So the surgical restoration of vision in cases with cataract is the main measure in the prevention of blindness.
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