人类青光眼和青光眼动物模型中神经胶质细胞的改变

摘要

Glaucoma is one of the major ocular diseases that lead to blindness.It is characterized by optic disk cupping and visual field loss.Glaucoma is a multifactorial group of diseases with many different causes but one common endpoint, progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells.Hence most studies of glaucoma focused on retinal ganglion cells and their nosogenesis.But recent studies have showed that neuroglia cells,as another major kind of cells of nerve system, also undergo an activation process in glaucoma.Their activation is closely connected with the changes of retinal ganglion cells as well as the development of the disease.Therefore, more and more attention is focused on the changes of these cells.This review is a summary about the recent studies on the pathological changes of these four different kinds of neuroglia cells in human glaucoma and in several animal models of experimental glaucoma.%青光眼是主要的致盲眼病之一,其特征性表现为视乳头的凹陷性萎缩和视野的特征性缩小.青光眼的病因复杂,但却有共同的病理结局即视网膜神经节细胞的进行性凋亡.因此对青光眼的研究多集中在视网膜神经节细胞的改变及其机制上.但近年来的研究结果表明,作为神经系统另一大类细胞即神经胶质细胞在青光眼的病理过程中也发生了活化,并且其活化与视网膜神经节细胞的改变及疾病的发生、发展密切相关.所以对青光眼中神经胶质细胞的研究也越来越深入.笔者就目前对神经胶质细胞在人类青光眼及青光眼动物模型中的改变进行综述,以供同道参考.