赤霉素及烯效唑对大豆形态、光合生理及产量的影响

摘要

为了解赤霉素GA3和烯效唑的壮苗效果,采用GA3和烯效唑浸种处理大豆种子,调查大豆茎秆、节长、叶柄、叶片光合特性及产量的变化.两年结果显示,GA3和烯效唑对大豆株高有调控作用,但具有时效性.苗期,GA3处理增加株高,烯效唑抑制株高;盛花期、结荚期和鼓粒期处理与对照之间株高无显著差异;收获期GA3处理降低了第1、3、10、12、13、14节节长,从而显著降低大豆株高,烯效唑降低第1节节长,不影响株高.GA3和烯效唑浸种处理均增加大豆茎粗,增强大豆抗倒伏性.GA3处理降低了8～10节叶柄长度、增加了14～18节叶柄长度;烯效唑增加7～12节叶柄长度.两种调节剂从节长和叶柄两个方面改变了大豆冠层结构,叶柄长度的变化量与同节位的产量贡献率的变化量显著相关,相关系数为0.622和0.585,P ＜0.05.烯效唑浸种处理能够增加7d、14d叶绿素含量,14d光合速率,显著提高单株粒数、单株荚数和产量,两年平均增产15.14％.说明烯效唑处理可能通过改变大豆冠层结构和光合性质影响大豆产量.%To explore the effects of seed treatment with gibberellins (GAs) and uniconazole on emergence of seedling, stalk traits, length of node, petiole, leaf photosynthetic characteristics and yield of soybean were measured after GA3 and uniconazole treatments by seed soaking. Two years results showed that regulation of GA3 and uniconazole on plant height had varied effectiveness with different application time, and it was more effective in the seedling stage. GA3 increased plant height, and uniconazole decreased plant height. In the full flowering, podding, and filling stages, the plant height did not show significant difference between treatments and control. GA3 treatment significantly decreased the plant height for the 1 st, 3 rd, 10 th, 12 th, 13 th, 14 thshorter internode in the harvesting stage. Uniconazole treatments decreased the length of the 1 stinternode, but did not affect the height of plant. GA3 and uniconazole treatments could have contributed to the lodging resistance by producing thicker and stronger stem.GA3 treatment decreased the petiole length on the 8 th-10 thnode, and increased the petiole length on the 14 th-18 th node, and uniconazole treatment could increase the petiole length on the 7 th-12 thnode. Two growth regulators changed the canopy structure by regulating the node length and the petiole. The petiole length change was correlated with the change of its contribution rate to yield in the same node, and the correlation coefficient were 0.622 and 0.585, P ＜ 0.05. Uniconazole treatments significantly increased the chlorophyll content at 7 d, 14 d, and increased transpiration rate (Tr) at 14 d, and significantly increased the grain number per plant, the pods number per plant and yield. The mean production in these two years increased 15.5％. These results indicated that uniconazole treatments affected the soybean yield by changing the canopy structure and photosynthetic characteristics.