68份大豆品种资源在新疆灌区的农艺性状分析

摘要

为了新疆大豆种质资源的引进以及充分利用,以引进、自育的68份大豆品种资源为材料,在新疆石河子地区对18个农艺性状进行变异系数、相关分析、主成分分析及聚类分析.结果表明:在参试品种中,抗倒伏级数变异系数最大(40.53%),蛋白含量(3.43%)最小;产量与单株粒重、百粒重及脂肪含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与生育期、结荚高度呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);在主成分分析中,总共提取6个主成分,累计贡献率达到82.77%;聚类分析结果显示,在遗传距离为10处,可将参试的68份品种分为7个类群.类群Ⅰ,适应性较广,可在新疆大部分地区种植;类群Ⅲ,结荚量较大,单株粒数较多,蛋白含量较高;类群Ⅳ,具有一定的有效分枝数,单株粒数较多,蛋白含量较高;类群Ⅴ生育期较短,且产量较高,适合作为复播品种;类群Ⅵ,节数多,结荚量大,单株粒数、蛋白含量高,可作为本地区豆制品专用品种或芽用品种;类群Ⅶ,荚数较多,生物产量大,百粒重、脂肪含量较高,由于生物产量较大,可作为麦后绿肥养地品种.%A total of 68 soybean accessions,including introduced or self - bred varieties,were used to perform variation,correlation,principal component and cluster analysis based on their agronomic traits in Shihezi region, Xinjiang Province. The results showed that,among 18 agronomic traits,variation coefficient of lodging resistance was the highest (40. 53%)while that of protein content was the least (3. 43%). Additionally,yield had signifi-cant positive correlations (P < 0. 01)with grain weight per plant,100 - seed weight,fat content,had negative cor-relations (P < 0. 01)with growth period,pod - setting. Principal component analysis showed that cumulative con-tribution rate of the former six principal component was 82. 77 % . Cluster analysis indicated that 68 soybean acces-sions were apparently divided into seven groups when genetic distance was ten. Moreover,varieties in group I was widely adaptable and could be planted in most regions of Xinjiang. Varieties in group Ⅲ had more bean pods,gre-ater seed number per plant and higher protein content. Varieties in group Ⅳ had a certain number of effective bran-ches,greater seed number per plant and higher protein content. Varieties in group Ⅴ had a short growth period, high yield and was suitable for being used as resowing varieties. Varieties in group Ⅵ had more nodes,bean pods, greater seed number per plant and higher protein content and was used as sprout soybean or special soybean of bean products in local region. Varieties in group Ⅶ,having more bean pods and biomass,higher 100 - seed weight and fat content,could be used as green manure due to its greater biomass after wheat was harvested. The results could provide reference for introduction,research and utilization of soybean germplasm resources in Xinjiang.