花生白绢病温室接种技术的建立和苗期抗病性鉴定

摘要

为探索温室条件下适宜花生白绢病人工接种的技术体系,对花生白绢病人工接种技术进行了系统的研究.通过比较5种接种技术,发现带菌燕麦粒贴茎法和撒表土法的发病效果较好,可以作为花生白绢病温室抗性鉴定的接种方法,其中带菌燕麦粒撒表土法比贴茎法更易操作;不同量(1~5粒)的带菌燕麦粒撒表土法接种花生幼苗的病情指数差异不显著,但以接种4粒燕麦粒病害发展速度最快;15~35d苗龄的花生幼苗接种带菌燕麦粒后,病情指数差异不显著.本研究建立的接种技术白绢病发病快,发病率达到100%,最大病情指数为89.2.利用该技术在温室内对19个花生品种/系进行了苗期白绢病抗病性鉴定,大部分材料中感或高感,仅中花16表现相对抗性.%Artificial inoculation technique for peanut stem rot (caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. )was estab-lished in greenhouse. The results showed that the most efficient inoculations were with oat inoculum to stem base and to soil surface. The inoculation with oat inoculum to soil surface was more convenient in manipulation. There was no significant difference of disease index among peanut seedlings after inoculated with different dosage of oat inoculum of S. rolfsii,and the highest disease index was found in inoculation with four oat inoculums. There was no significant difference of disease index among the seedlings inoculated at 15 - 35days after planting (DAP)with the same oat inoculums. The inoculation technique established in this paper could induce peanut stem rot efficiently,and the dis-ease incidence and disease index were 100% and 89. 2 respectively. The resistance to peanut stem rot of nineteen peanut varieties/ lines were evaluated by this technique and only Zhonghua 16 showed moderate resistance,while others were medium to highly susceptible.