早期子宫颈癌患者行子宫广泛性切除联合阴道延长术后的生命质量和性生活状态的评估

摘要

目的 评估早期(Ⅰb1～Ⅰb2期)子宫颈癌患者行子宫广泛性切除联合阴道延长术后的生命质量和性生活状态.方法 采用病例对照的研究方法和问卷调查的方式,对2008年12月至2012年9月间中国医学科学院北京协和医院妇产科收治的31例早期子宫颈癌患者行子宫广泛性切除联合阴道延长术(研究组),选择同期仅行子宫广泛性切除术的28例早期子宫颈癌患者作为对照组.在治疗结束至少6个月后,用已经被验证的欧洲癌症研究中心生命质量子宫颈癌(EORTC QLQ-CX24)问卷(主要研究子宫颈癌患者治疗后生命质量和性生活质量)及性生活和阴道变化(SVQ)问卷(进一步探讨妇科肿瘤患者术后性生活和阴道相关情况)评估其生命质量和性生活状态.结果 术后阴道长度研究组为(10.0±1.3) cm、对照组为(5.9±1.0)cm,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).随诊时已恢复规律性生活者研究组为68％(21/31)、对照组为64％(18/28),手术至恢复规律性生活的间隔时间(中位数)研究组为6个月(3～ 20个月)、对照组为5个月(1～12个月),两组分别比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).所有患者术后常见的症状为膀胱排空障碍(17％,10/59)、膀胱排空不全(36％,21/59)和排便次数减少(25％,13/51)等排尿和排便的相关症状,但两组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).所有患者术后多表现为性欲下降[88％(52/59)]、性高潮障碍[72％(28/39)]和性生活后放松感低[51％(20/39)],但两组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).对照组与研究组[19％(4/21)]相比,对照组(12/18)患者自觉阴道长度缩短的表现更加明显(P＜0.05);但在阴道润滑度、性交痛等方面两组间无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 早期子宫颈癌患者行子宫广泛性切除联合腹膜阴道延长术后阴道长度明显延长,患者自觉阴道缩短者明显减少,且并不增加术后排尿和排便相关症状的发生风险.所有患者术后均存在性功能障碍问题,应重视患者术后性功能的改善和恢复.%Objective To investigate the quality of life and sexual function of cervical cancer patients following radical hysterectomy (RH) and vaginal extension.Methods Case-control and questionnaire-based method was employed in this study.Thirty-one patients of early-stage (Ⅰ b1-Ⅰ b2) cervical cancer who had undergone vaginal extension following classic RH in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from December 2008 to September 2012 were included in study group,while 28 patients with matching factors and RH only during the same period were allocated to control group.There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of clinical and demographic variables including age at diagnosis,tumor stage and follow-up time (P＞0.05).Patients were assessed retrospectively by validated selfreported questionnaires the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Cervix Cancer Module Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-CX24) mainly for quality of life and sexual function for cervical cancer patients; the Sexual Function and Vaginal Changes Questionnaire (SVQ) further investigates sexual function and vaginal changes of patients with gynecologic malignancy at least 6 months after treatment.Results Vaginal length acquired by pelvic examination by gynecologic oncologists during follow-up visits was (10.0±1.3) cm and (5.9± 1.0) cm in study group and control group respectively (P=0.000).Sixty-eight percent (21/31) of cases in study group and 64％ (18/28) of cases in control group had resumed sexual activity at the time of interview,and the time interval between treatment and regular sexual activity was mean 6 months (range 3-20 months) and mean 5 months (range 1-12 months) in study and control group respectively,in which there was not statistical significance (P＞0.05).No difference was observed regarding pelvic floor symptoms (P＞0.05) while difficulty emptying bladder,incomplete emptying and constipation were most commonly reported.Both group presented with hypoactive sexual desire disorder [88％ (52/59)],orgasm dysfunction [72％(28/39)] and low enjoyment or relaxation after sex [51％(20/39)],which was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Reduced vagina size and shorter vagina was more prominent in control group (12/18) than that in study group [19％ (4/21)] with statistical significance (P＜0.05),while no difference in sexual desire,vaginal lubrication,dyspareunia and sexual enjoyment (P＞0.05).Conclusions Patients with peritoneovaginoplasty following RH had much longer vagina and less self-perceived short vagina.Vaginal extension following RH does not worsen the pelvic floor symptoms.