Lead-free Bi-contained copper-steel bimetal bearing materials were prepared by powder metallurgy method,their friction and wear tests were conducted by using the HDM-20 tribometer under boundary lubrication conditions. The anti-friction, anti-adhesion and load carrying capacity of the lead-free Bi-contained copper matrix bearing materials were also analyzed and compared with those of the typical copper-lead bearing material (Cu10Sn10Pb). The results show that the addition of Bi can improve the anti-friction and anti-adhesion performances of the bearing materials because Bi with lower melting point (271 ℃) can be melted and move to the surface to prevent the direct contact of counterfaces as the oil films rupture during sliding, which results in good performances of anti-friction and anti-adhesion. To achieve better performances of anti-friction, anti-adhesion and load carrying capacity of the bearing materials, the optimal addition of Bi is 3.0％ (mass fraction) under increasing loads, their performances are close to or better than those of the typical copper-lead bearing materials.%采用常规粉末冶金方法制备无铅含铋铜-钢双金属轴承材料,在HDM-20端面摩擦磨损试验机上进行边界润滑条件下的摩擦磨损试验,分析无铅含铋铜-钢双金属轴承材料的减摩、抗粘着性能及其承载能力,并与典型的铜铅轴承材料(Cu10Sn10Pb)及铜锡合金材料的性能进行对比.结果表明:无铅含铋铜轴承材料中的低熔点组元铋(熔点为271℃)能阻碍因油膜破裂而引起的摩擦副局部区域的直接接触,体现出较好的减摩和抗粘着性能;当铋含量为3.0%(质量分数)时,无铅含铋铜基轴承材料的减摩,抗粘着咬合性能良好,承载能力较强,接近或优于典型铜铅轴承材料的性能.
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