Uniaxial compression tests were carried out on an as-extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy along extrusion direction at the strain of 3%, 6% and 10%, respectively, at room temperature. The evolution of microstructures, textures and strain hardening behavior were examined by OM, XRD and EBSD. The results show that the present as-extruded magnesium alloy with {0002} fiber texture exhibits distinct three plastic deformation stages. {101▁2} tension twinning takes place at the first stage of the plastic deformation, which results in the low strain hardening rate and rapid decrease in strain hardening rate. With increasing the compressive strain, {101▁2} twin boundaries gradually extend until some grains are entirely consumed by the twinning extension, which results in the strong basal texture. The increasing high strain hardening rate are mainly attributed to the formation of strong basal texture. The deformation transition from stageⅡ to stageⅢ roughly corresponds to the stop of {101▁2} twin extending.%对AZ31镁合金热挤压棒材在室温下沿挤压方向分别进行了应变为3%、6%、10%的单向压缩实验。利用OM、XRD和EBSD等技术研究了不同压缩应变量下的显微组织、织构及应变硬化的演变特征。结果表明：具有{0002}纤维织构的热挤压态AZ31镁合金沿着挤出方向压缩时，产生显著的应变硬化效应。其塑性变形可大致分为3个阶段：初始阶段主要发生{1012}拉伸孪生，表现为较低的应变硬化速率和应变硬化速率的急剧减小；随着压缩应变量的增加，孪晶界逐渐扩展，直至部分晶粒发生完全孪生，基面织构强度逐渐增强；拉伸孪晶生长所造成的强{0002}基面织构是产生高应变硬化速率的主要原因；应变硬化速率第Ⅱ~Ⅲ阶段的转折点大致与拉伸孪晶的生长停滞相对应。▁
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