山地水土要素耦合效应及土地利用的优化配置

摘要

针对已有水土要素的耦合研究多强调水土资源的匹配及其对资源开发的影响,而较少关注水分的有效性和土壤养分对生态过程的影响,论文提出了”格局—效应—土地利用优化”的水土耦合研究框架,以水、土要素和其他环境因素的综合作用为基础,在同时考虑经济、社会和生态因素的约束下,对土地利用优化配置过程中的不确定性和风险性进行评估,并考虑土壤、坡度、土壤水、温度等约束因子,协调生态系统服务的权衡关系,对山地垂直带土地利用方式进行优化,提出水土资源高效利用和生态系统服务提升的途径,为变化环境下的生态功能保育提供科学依据.最后,对水土要素耦合的生态与环境效应及土地利用优化配置的优先研究方向给出建议.%Current studies mostly emphasize the matching of soil and water resources and its impact on resource development,while less attentions are paid to the effectiveness of water and the influence of soil nutrients on ecological processes.This paper firstly proposes the research framework of “pattern—effect—land use optimization” of soil and water interactions.The uncertainty and risks of land use allocation are evaluated on the basis of the complex interaction of water,soil and other environmental factors,and the constraints of economic,social and ecological factors.Considering the constraint factors such as soil,slope,soil water and temperature,and coordinating the trade-off relationship of ecosystem services,we optimized the land use pattern in the vertical mountain vegetation,and put forward the way to enhance the utilization of water and soil resources and improve ecosystem services.All these studies contribute to scientific bases for ecosystem services enhancement and ecological function conservation under the changing environment.Then,the priority research directions are suggested on the ecological and environmental effects of soil and water interaction,and the optimal allocation of land use.