我国PICC专科护士培养与使用现状

摘要

目的? 调查我国PICC专科护士的培养与使用现状.方法? 采用便利抽样法,选取2017年7月3—7日参加中华护理学会举办PICC专科护士高级培训班的所有培训学员为研究对象.采用中华护理学会静脉治疗护理专业委员会自行设计的《PICC专科护士培养与使用效果调查问卷》对护士进行调查.本次调查共发放问卷82份,回收有效问卷82份.采用SPSS16.0软件包进行数据分析.结果? 全国18个省、市、自治区的65家医院共82名学员纳入调查研究.65家医院,仅34家(52.3%)医院有公开、透明的专科护士遴选标准;45家(69.2%)医院全部报销PICC培训班的费用,20家(30.8%)医院奖金不受影响;静脉治疗专科护士总数占科室总护士数比例中位数为0.125.82名PICC专科护士中,34名(41.5%)为护理管理岗位,40名(48.8%)护士在全院范围内及院外工作,37名(45.1%)承担了专科护理门诊工作,51名(62.2%)承担了护理会诊工作,50名(61.0%)承担了专科护士带教工作,19名(23.2%)参加专科护士培训后承担了科研课题,24名(29.3%)参加专科护士培训后发表了学术论文.结论? PICC专科护士队伍近年来得到了快速发展,工作地点得到拓展,工作内容更为丰富,但很多医院无公开的PICC专科护士遴选标准.PICC专科护士培训期间待遇支持未得到充分保障,PICC专科护士角色定位有待进一步明确,专科护士的作用未得到充分发挥,科研能力有待进一步提高.建议护理管理者制定专科护士的培养、使用、管理制度,设置专科护士岗位,促进专科护士队伍的合理发展.%Objective? To investigate cultivation and current working situations of PICC specialist nurses (SNs). Methods? Using convenience sampling method, all trainees who participated in PICC advanced training course held by Chinese Nursing Society from 3rd to 7th July 2017 were selected as the research objects. All the nurses were investigated a Cultivation and Current Working Situations of PICC Specialized Nurses designed by the Professional Committee of Intravenous Therapy of Chinese Nursing Society. A total of 82 questionnaires were distributed and 82 valid questionnaires were collected. The research data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software. Results? A total of 82 trainees were recruited from 65 hospitals from 18 provinces, cities and autonomous regions. There were 34 (52.3%) hospitals having open and transparent criteria for selecting SNs. 45 (69.2%) hospitals reimbursed the cost of PICC training courses, while 20 (30.8%) hospitals' bonuses were unaffected. The median ratio of total intravenous therapy SNs to total registered nurses in their departments was 0.125. Of 82 PICC specialist nurses, 34 (41.5%) were on nursing management posts, 40 (48.8%) worked in and out of the hospital, 37 (45.1%) worked in specialist nursing clinics, 51 (62.2%) were nursing consultants, 50 (61.0%) worked as specialist nurses educators, 19 (23.2%) took scientific research subjects and 24 (29.3%) published academic papers after participating in specialist nurse training. Conclusions? In recent years, the team of PICC specialist nurses has developed rapidly, the work place has been expanded, and the work content is more abundant. However, there is no open selection criteria for PICC specialist nurses in many hospitals. Payment support for PICC specialist nurses during training is not fully guaranteed. The role orientation of PICC specialist nurses needs to be further clarified. The role of specialist nurses has not been fully played and their scientific research ability needs to be further improved. It is suggested that nursing administrators should formulate the training, use and management system of specialist nurses, set up specialist nurses posts, and promote the rational development of specialist nurses.