对下肢动脉硬化闭塞症高危人群疾病危险因素和临床识别的认知调查

摘要

目的 了解下肢动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)高危人群对疾病危险因素和临床识别的认知水平.方法 2016年5—6月,采用自行设计的半结构式问卷对某三甲医院330例下肢ASO高危人群进行目的抽样调查,了解患者对下肢ASO危险因素及临床识别的认知情况.用EpiData建立数据库,SPSS 16.0统计软件分析,统计学方法包括描述性分析、非参数检验、Spearman相关分析.结果 共收集有效资料304份.其中70.1%的患者没听说过下肢ASO,80.0%以上不知道其危险因素,92.0%以上不知晓其临床表现,仅有15.5%做过下肢ASO相关检查.不同文化程度、居住地、收入的患者对ASO风险识别的认知得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 ASO高危人群对疾病危险因素和临床识别的认知程度低,尤其是文化程度低、收入低、居住在小城镇或农村的人群,提示相关专业医务人员应加强对下肢ASO高危人群的健康教育.%Objective To assess the cognitive level of disease risk factors and clinical identification in high risk population of arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) of lower limbs. Methods By purpose sampling survey, a total of 330 patients in high risk of ASO from a ClassⅢ grade A hospital in Chongqing were investigated using a self-designed semi-structured questionnaire from May to June 2015 to assess the cognitive level of disease risk factors and clinical identification in high risk population of ASO. A database was set up in EpiData, and analyzed by SPSS 16.0 statistic software, including descriptive analysis, non-parametric test, Spearman correlation analysis. Results Among all respondents, 70.1% of them have never heard of lower limbs ASO. More than 80.0% of respondents did not know the risk factors, while more than 92.0% of them did not know its clinical manifestations, only 15.5% of them had received medical examination for diagnosing ASO. There were statistically significant differences in cognitive scores among respondents with different education background, residence and income (P< 0.01). Conclusions The cognitive level of disease risk factors and clinical identification in high risk population of ASO of lower limbs is obviously insufficient, especially those who are with lower education, lower income, and who live in small towns or villages. It is suggested that professional medical staff should strengthen the health education for people with ASO high-risk factors.