涉日护生心理健康状况与压力、应对方式及领悟社会支持相关性研究

摘要

目的 调查涉日护理专业学生(简称涉日护生)心理健康状况,并分析与压力、应对方式及领悟社会支持的相关性.方法 采用整群抽样的方法,以205名涉日护生为研究对象,采用人口学资料问卷、大学生压力量表、应付方式问卷、领悟社会支持评定量表(PSSS)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行问卷调查.应用SPSS 13.0进行统计分析,计量资料采用t检验;多因素分析采用多元线性回归.结果 涉日护生症状自评各因子得分与全国青年常模比较,差异有统计学意义.涉日护生组在躯体化、强迫、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性方面均高于大学生常模,差异有统计学意义.涉日护生心理健康状况多因素分析显示:躯体化的影响因素有个人压力、求助、家庭支持、其他支持.强迫的影响因素有个人压力、生活消极事件、学业压力、解决问题.人际关系敏感的影响因素有个人压力、学业压力、解决问题、自责、幻想、退避.抑郁的影响因素有个人压力、学业压力、解决问题、自责、其他支持.焦虑的影响因素有个人压力、学业压力、幻想、自责、家庭支持、其他支持.敌对的影响因素有个人压力、求助、退避、幻想、其他支持.恐怖的影响因素有个人压力、学业压力、求助、退避、幻想.偏执的影响因素有个人压力、学业压力、解决问题、退避、自责、家庭支持、朋友支持.精神病性的影响因素有个人压力、学业压力、解决问题、自责、朋友支持.其他症状的影响因素有个人压力、消极生活事件、学业压力、退避、自责、家庭支持、朋友支持、其他支持.结论 涉日护生总体心理健康状况较青年常模及其他专业大学生常模差.涉日护生心理健康状况与压力呈负相关性,与积极应对方式呈负相关性.与家庭支持呈正相关性,与朋友支持和其他支持呈负相关性.因此,应加强对涉日护生心理健康教育,减少涉日护生压力,改善应对方式及提高社会支持,从而促进其身心健康发展.%Objective To investigate the mental health status of students with foreign nursing spe-cialty and analyze its relationship with stress, coping style and perceived social support. Method The cluster sampling was conducted between students with foreign nursing specialty. The Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90), and self-designed demographic questionnaires including demographic information questionnaire, College Students Stress Scale and Coping Style Questionnaire were employed. Results Students with foreign nursing specialty obtained significantly higher scores in all factors of SCL-90 when compared to the national youth norm,and obtained significantly higher scores in factors of somatization, obsession, anxiety, fear and psychotic diseases when compared to the norm of college students. The multifactor analysis of mental health status in students with foreign nursing specialty showed that soma-tization factors contained personal stress, seeking help, family supports and other supports;obsession factors contained personal stress, negative life events, academic stress and solving problem;interpersonal sensitivity factors contained personal stress, academic stress, solving problem, self-blame, fantasy and retreat; depres-sion factors contained personal stress, academic stress, solving problem, self-blame and other supports;anxiety factors contained personal stress, academic stress, fantasy, self-blame, family supports and other supports; hostility factors contained personal stress, seeking help, retreat, fantasy and other supports; fear factors contained personal stress, academic stress, seeking help, retreat and fantasy; crankiness factors con-tained personal stress, academic stress, solving problem, retreat, self-blame, family supports and friend sup-ports; factors of psychotic diseases contained personal stress, academic stress, solving problem, self-blame and friend supports;and factors of other symptoms contained personal stress, negative life events, academic stress, retreat, self-blame, family supports, friend supports and other supports. Conclusion The mental health status of students with foreign nursing specialty was inferior to the norms of national youths and col-lege students. It was negatively correlated with stress, active coping style, friend supports and other supports;while positively correlated with passive coping style (except escape) and family supports. Therefore, mental health education toward students with foreign nursing specialty should be strengthened in order to reduce their stress, improve their coping style, enhance their social supports, and finally promote their mental and physical development.