关于独立保函独立性的实证研究

摘要

《最高人民法院关于审理独立保函纠纷案件若干问题的规定》生效实施后,司法实践中独立保函性质认定纠纷数量的暴增反映了交易各方对独立保函概念与性质把握的不准确.独立保函的目的在于让受益人能够迅速而确定地获得付款,此为保函独立性的核心与判断标准.通过实证研究总结出实践中保函独立性的认定规则,首先当事人意思自治具有优先效力,其次根据"无因性"标准判断独立性条款的存在,最后当独立性条款与从属性条款并存时,法官通过自由心证,根据独立性条款无因性效力大小来决定保函是否达到独立性的要求.%Since the promulgation of the Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues concerning the Trial of In-dependent Guarantee Dispute Cases, the cases concerning the disputes on the definition and identification standards of inde-pendent guarantee has exploded owning to the inaccurate understanding by the parties in commercial transactions.The inten-tion of the demand guarantee is to enable the beneficiary to have access to prompt and certain payment,which is also the core and criterion of it.Some rules are summarized through the analysis of judgments which should be followed when identifying the nature of the instrument.First of all,the autonomy of the parties has the priority.Secondly,the existence of the inde-pendent clause should be judged by way of the"non-causative nature".Finally,when independence clause co-exists with the accessory one,the judge will consider the extent of independence of the clauses to find out whether the above criterion are met.