2D NMR技术在石油测井中的应用

摘要

近几年, 2D NMR技术得到迅速发展, 特别是在核磁共振测井领域. 该文将主要介绍2D NMR技术的脉冲序列、弛豫原理以及2D NMR技术在石油测井中应用. 2D NMR技术是在梯度场的作用下, 利用一系列回波时间间隔不同的CPMG脉冲进行测量, 利用二维的数学反演得到2D NMR. 2D NMR技术可以直接测量自扩散系数、弛豫时间、原油粘度、含油饱和度、可动水饱和度、孔隙度、 渗透率等地层流体性质和岩石物性参数. 从2D NMR谱上, 可以直观的区分油、气、水, 判断储层润湿性, 确定内部磁场梯度等. 2D NMR技术为识别流体类型提供了新方法.%This review paper introduces 2D NMR pulse trains frequently used in petroleum logging and their applications, as well as relevant relaxation mechanisms. In NMR logging, often a set of data is acquired at different CPMG echo spacing in the presence of constant gradient magnetic field. Two-dimensional mathematical inversion is then applied to solve the dataset, yielding two-dimensional NMR map (D-T_2). In the meanwhile, 2D NMR technique can be used to measure the property parameters of formation fluid and the petrophysics parameters directly, such as diffusion coefficient, relaxation time, crude oil viscosity, oil saturation, free water saturation, porosity, permeability and so on. The 2D NMR map can also be used to differentiate oil, gas and water, determine internal gradient field in and judge wettability of the sample. 2D NMR techniques offer powerful tools for identifying fluid type in NMR logging.