秦皇岛市沿海浴场海蜇蜇伤的流行病学分析

摘要

目的 分析秦皇岛市沿海各浴场海蜇蜇伤患者的流行病学特点,为海蜇蜇伤的预防、海蜇暴发的预警提供科学依据.方法 采用回顾性研究方法,收集2016至2018年秦皇岛市暑期(7～8月)沿海各浴场救护站上报的2 659例海蜇蜇伤患者数、性别、年龄构成,蜇伤严重程度等流行病学资料,分析海水表层温度与海蜇蜇伤患者数的相关性.结果 在秦皇岛市沿海7个浴场中,东山浴场(1 101例)和浅水湾沿线(1 365例)蜇伤人数最多,最少的是黄金海岸浴场(只有5例),2016、2017、2018年不同浴场蜇伤患者数比较差异有统计学意义(分别为277、1 890、492例,χ2＝490.611,P＜0.05).2 659例患者中儿童(≤14岁)1 124例,成人1 535例;男性1 570例,女性1 089例.各浴场海蜇蜇伤患者以轻中型为主,轻型患者2 589例(97.37%),中型61例(2.29%),重型9例(0.34%).海水表层温度与蜇伤例数间呈正相关(r＝0.433,P＜0.05).结论 秦皇岛市海蜇蜇伤主要分布在东山浴场和浅水湾沿线,构成特点以轻型为主,同时受到科普宣传、医疗救护、环境因素、海蜇集合漂移等因素的影响.%Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of patients with sea lice injury in coastal baths in Qinhuangdao City, and provide scientific evidence for the importance of prevention of sea lice injury and the early warning of sea lice outbreak. Methods The data of 2 659 patients with sea lice injury, including gender, age composition, severity of bruises and other epidemiological data reported by the coastal bathing stations in Qinhuangdao City from 2016 to 2018 (mainly from July to August) were retrospectively analyzed, and the correlation between the temperature at the surface of sea water and the number of patients with sea lice injury was also analyzed. Results Among the 7 bathing beaches along the coast of Qinhuangdao City, Dongshan Bathing Spot (1 101 cases) and Repulse Bay Bathing Beach (1 365 cases) had the largest numbers of bruises, while the Gold Coast Bath had the least (only 5 cases), and the differences in number of bruises in different baths were statistically significant in 2016, 2017, 2018 years (277, 1 890, 492 cases respectively, χ2= 490.611, P < 0.05). Among 2 659 patients, 1 124 were children (≤14 years old), 1 535 were adult, 1 570 male and 1 089 female patients. The severity type of patients' sea lice injury in each bath was mainly mild to moderate type; among the total injury cases, there were 2 589 cases with mild type injury accounting for 97.37%, 61 cases with moderate type (2.29%) and 9 cases with severe type (0.34%). A linear trend between sea surface temperature and the patients' number of bruises was seen, and there was a positive correlation between the sea surface temperature and the patients' number (r = 0.433, P < 0.05). Conclusion The sea lice injuries in Qinhuangdao City are mainly distributed in the Dongshan and Repulse Bay Baths, the main type of injury is light one, and in the mean time the injury is influenced by factors such as popularization of science, medical care, environmental factors, and collective sea lice drift, etc.