全国200家中医院急诊科现状调查报告

摘要

目的：了解全国中医院急诊科的现状，为制订适合中医院急诊科的发展策略提供可信依据。方法分别制作在线和纸质调查问卷，通过Red Cap数据系统在线填写或邮箱调查回复的方式，调查全国27个省（直辖市）300家二级以上中医院急诊科。结果共发放280份问卷，回收200份，回收率71.42%。共回收到24个省（直辖市）200家中医院急诊科的资料。调查表明：①200家中医院均设有独立的急诊科，急诊科平均占地面积713.6 m2，平均床位数18.93张，平均拥有救护车2.81辆，75.8%的医院是当地急救网络单位。②26家中医院设置有内科、外科、妇科、儿科，83家中医院有内、外科分科，91家中医院不分科，只有81家中医院设置重症加强治疗病房（ICU）。③医生数平均（11.86±9.28）名，26家中医院无急诊专科医师，39家中医院无正高职医师，学历以硕士生和本科生为主，只有30家中医院有博士学位医生。④年接诊患者平均2.36万例，平均抢救1197.38例次，可独立完成腹腔穿刺与胸腔穿刺的比例为90.7%和89.0%，8.2%可开展急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI），70%以上的医院开设了急诊绿色通道。⑤93.5%医院有急诊医疗质量管理制度，89.0%的急诊科有医疗质量控制小组。⑥65.5%的医院有“中药使用率”的考核指标，52.5%的急诊科常规进行中医病例讨论。结论中医院急诊科的发展极不平衡，需要受到更大关注，应加强建设资金投入，提升急救技术含量，以满足社会不断增长的急救需求。%ObjectiveIn order to provide reliable sufficient information for making a policy to develop Emergency Departments in Chinese Medical Hospitals, a countrywide investigation on current situations of such departments was carried out.Methods Firstly, questionnaires which could be responded by filling out on line and paper were made respectively. The Departments of Emergency in 300 Chinese Medical Hospitals widely distributed in 27 provinces of China (municipalities directly under the central government) with technique level 2 or above were observed in this study by Red Cap database or Email.Results All together 280 questionnaires were sent out, and 200 questionnaires were responded. The information from 200 emergency departments of Chinese medical hospitals in 24 provinces was collected, the recovery rate being 71.42%. The investigative results were as follows: ① All Chinese medical hospitals involved in this study were equipped with an independent emergency department. The average occupation of ground area, numbers of ward beds and ambulances in these emergency departments were 713.6 m2, 18.93 and 2.81 respectively, and 75.8% of the hospitals were of the first aid local network units.② There were 26 emergency departments having internal, surgical, women and children emergency clinics, 83 hospitals had internal and surgical emergency clinics only, and in 91 hospitals there was no any special clinic in emergency department. In addition, only did 81 hospitals have intensive care units (ICU).③ The number of clinicians was 11.86±9.28 on average, and 26 hospitals even had no emergency specialists. In 39 hospitals, there were no emergency clinicians with high rank title, most of these clinicians had bachelor or master's degree, and only did 30 hospitals have emergency clinicians with PhD degree.④ The annual average patient admitted in emergency departments of these hospitals was 2.36 thousand cases, including 1197.38 rescue ones. The clinicians who could accomplish abdominocentesis and thoracentesis independently were accounting for 90.7% and 89.0%, respectively, 8.2% hospitals could carry out percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and more than 70% hospitals already had the emergency green channel.⑤ About 93.5% hospitals had established a management system of medical quality control, and 89.0% hospitals had already had a medical quality control group.⑥ 65.5% hospitals had assessment index of "Utilization rate of traditional Chinese Medicine", and 52.5%hospitals routinely conducted discussions on cases treated primarily by Chinese medicine (CM).Conclusions The development levels of emergency departments of all Chinese medical hospitals involved are very uneven, on which more attention should be paid. The enhanced investment is required to construct the emergency clinics and improve medical techniques in order to meet the growing need of the first aid in our society.