抗菌药物使用强度对嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌耐药率的影响

摘要

Objective To analyze the correlation between antimicrobial use density (AUD) and change in antimicrobial resistance rate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM), and explore the influencing factors of antimicrobial resistance of SM. Methods Antimicrobial resistance rate of SM and AUD of commonly used antimicrobial agents in patients in a hospital from 2012 to 2017 were summarized, correlation was analyzed with Pearson correlation method. Results A total of 23 994 strains of gram-negative bacteria were isolated, of which 1 331 strains (5.55％) were SM, mainly from sputum (54.02％) and distributed in intensive care unit (21.49％). Resistance rates of SM to ceftazidime, levofloxacin, and compound sulfamethoxazole were 21.79％, 7.66％, and 13.37％ respectively, resistance rates to levofloxacin showed an increasing trend year by year (P＜0.05). Resistance rate of SM to levofloxacin was positively correlated with the use intensity of β-lactamase inhibitors, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and oxazolidinones (all P＜0.05); resistance rate to compound sulfamethoxazole was positively correlated with the use intensity of macrolides (P＜0.05).Conclusion Change in resistance rates of SM to levofloxacin and compound sulfamethoxazole are positively correlated with the use intensity of some commonly used antimicrobial agents, reducing AUD is beneficial to the control and reducing of the resistance of SM.%目的 分析抗菌药物使用强度与嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌耐药率变化的相关性,探讨导致嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌耐药的抗菌药物影响因素.方法 统计2012-2017年某院住院患者嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌的耐药率,以及常用抗菌药物的使用强度,采用Pearson相关方法分析两者之间的相关性.结果 共检出革兰阴性菌23 994株,其中嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌1 331株(占5.55％),主要来源于痰(54.02％),主要分布于重症监护病房(21.49％).对头孢他啶、左氧氟沙星和复方磺胺甲口恶唑的耐药率分别为21.79％、7.66％和13.37％,其中对左氧氟沙星的耐药率呈现年度升高的趋势(P＜0.05).嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对左氧氟沙星的耐药率与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂复合剂、碳青霉烯类、氟喹诺酮类、恶唑烷酮类的使用强度呈正相关(均P＜0.05);对复方磺胺甲口恶唑的耐药率与大环内酯类的使用强度呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌对左氧氟沙星和复方磺胺甲口恶唑的耐药率变化与某些常用类别的抗菌药物使用强度呈现正相关,降低抗菌药物使用强度有利于控制和降低嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌的耐药性.