瓷厂和钨矿生产性粉尘生物学效应的研究

摘要

Objective To assess biological response and health adverse effects of industrial dusts from pottery factories and tungsten mines on alveolar macrophages (AM) in vitro. Methods AM acquired from bronchoalveolar lavage of guinea pigs were used as the target ceils. AM were then co-cultured with respirable dust particles (15,30,60 and 120 μg/106) from pottery factories and tungsten mines.LDH activity,cell viability,the release of ROS and TNF-α were determined to assess the biological responses of the dusts.China Standard Quartz was used as control.Results Dose-response relationships between the dust concentrations and the enhancement of LDH activity,the release of ROS and TNF-α were found in both dusts from pottery factories and tungsten mines.The cell viability decreased when the dusts' concentrations increased.Differences of biological response were observed in the dust particles from different mines or factories.Compared with the pottery dusts,higher LDH activity and the release of TNF-α induced by tungsten dust were observed.In the 120 μg/106 group,the TNF-α induced by tungsten dust,pottery dusts and China Standard Quartz was (5.2±2.0) ng/ml,(3.3±1.6) ng/ml and (2.8±0.5) ng/ml respectively.However,the impact on the cell viability induced by pottery dust was higher than that by tungsten mine.Conclusion Industrial dusts from various sources could induce different biological effects.The results of the biological effects of dusts in laboratory tests may be of potential use to provide base data for their adverse effects evaluation.%目的 通过体外细胞实验测定瓷厂和钨矿作业点生产性粉尘的毒性等生物学效应,为评价粉尘的危害作用提供依据.方法 以豚鼠的肺泡巨噬细胞(AM)为作用细胞,以标准石英作为对照,应用肺泡灌洗的方法获得AM后,加入15、30、60、120μg/106个细胞浓度标准石英、瓷厂及钨矿作业点的呼吸性粉尘颗粒培养,测定细胞的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力、细胞活力(MTT)、活性氧释放量和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的释放量.结果 瓷厂和钨矿的生产性粉尘均能诱导豚鼠AM培养液中LDH活力升高,诱导豚鼠AM释放活性氧和TNF-α量升高,并随粉尘浓度升高呈现明显的剂量一反应关系.瓷厂和钨矿粉尘与豚鼠AM共培养后导致AM活力下降,随着生产性粉尘的浓度增加而降低.钨矿粉尘引起LDH活力升高以及诱导豚鼠AM释放TNF-α能力强于瓷厂粉尘,在120μg/106个细胞浓度组,赣州钨矿粉尘诱导的TNF-α水平为(5.2±2.0)ng/ml,景德镇瓷厂粉尘诱导的TNF-α水平为(3.3±1.6)ng/ml,均高于标准石英(2.8±0.5)ng/ml.与钨矿尘肺患病和死亡率均高于瓷厂相印证.结论 不同来源的生产性粉尘具有不同的生物学效应结果,实验测定粉尘的生物学效应为区分生产性粉尘危害作用提供了基础数据.