目的：运用相对剥夺理论分析乡村医生的社会心态状况。方法抽取山东省5市15县225个村的642名乡村医生进行问卷调查，运用因子分析法对量表进行降维、简化；基于不同的参照群体，分析乡村医生横向和纵向的相对剥夺感。结果乡村医生倾向于选择农村教师和乡镇卫生院医生作为归属群体，且60.0%的乡村医生认为经济收入低于归属群体。与过去相比，乡村医生认为经济收入、社会地位提高者占39.9%、33.5%，认为社会贡献提高者占76.3%；与村民相比，乡村医生认为经济收入及生活水平改善情况不明显。乡村医生认为村民、乡镇医务人员受益于新医改政策者占91.4%、65.9%，认为自己受益者仅占35.5%，获得感较低。结论与不同的参照群体相比，乡村医生群体存在明显的横向和纵向相对剥夺感，认为自己社会付出大、待遇低，对新医改政策缺乏获得感。政府需加大补助力度，提高乡村医生收入，明确乡村医生身份，稳定乡村医生队伍。%Objective To analyze rural doctors′ social mentality with the theory of relative deprivation.Methods 642 rural doctors from 225 villages of 1 5 counties in Shandong were selected for a questionnaire survey.The factor analysis method was used to reduce the scale dimension and simplify the scale.Analysis of rural doctors′vertical and horizontal relative deprivation was made based on different reference groups.Results Rural doctors tend to identify themselves with rural teachers and doctors in township hospitals,and 60.0% identify themselves as the low income group.39.9% of them found a higher income,while 33.5% of them found a higher social status.76.3% of them found their social contributions are higher.91.4% of them hold that villagers benefit from the new healthcare reform policies,while 65.9% of them hold themselves as benefiting from such policies.This indicates a low sense of achievement.Conclusions Compared with the reference groups,rural doctors feel an obvious sense of relative deprivation comparing both horizontally and vertically.They hold themselves as underpaid and have little sense of achievement for the policies.In this consideration,the government should increase subsidies to lift pay for rural doctors,and to identify their legitimacy,in order to stabilize these medical workers.
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