Objective To review the etiology and classification of cholangiectasia. Method The clinical data of 1098 patients with cholangiectasia treated from January 2000 to December 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Results For the 1098 patients, 69 patients (6.3％) had congenital choledochal cyst, and 1029 patients (93.7％) had secondary cholangiectasia which were secondary to 22 diseases, The top 5 of the etiological diseases were bile duct stones (366 patients, 33.3 ％), pancreatic head carcinoma (137 patients, 12.5％), peri-ampullary carcinoma (122 patients, 11.1％), cholangiocarcinoma (68 patients, 6.2％), and chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic head cyst (62 patients,5.6 ％). Conclusions Cholangiectasia can be divided into two major categories (congenital and secondary). Congenital choledochal cyst accounted for 6.0％, secondary cholangiectasia accounted for 94 ％.The most common etiologies were bile duct stones, pancreatic head carcinoma and peri-ampullar carcinoma.%目的 探讨胆管扩张症的病因构成及分类，提高诊断水平。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2009年12月收治的1098例胆管扩张症的临床资料。结果 先天性胆管囊肿69例(6.3％)，继发性胆管扩张1029例(93.7％)。22种病因中，排在前5位的病因分别为胆管结石(366例，33.3％)、胰头癌（137例，12.5％）、壶腹周围癌（122例，11.1％）、胆管癌（68例，6.2％）、慢性胰腺炎或胰头部囊肿（62例，5.6％）。结论胆管扩张症可分先天性和继发性两大类，先天性胆管囊肿约占6.0％；继发性胆管扩张占绝大多数（约占94.0％）。后者又可以分压力性、撑开性、压迫性、感染性、代偿性、粘连性六种扩张类型。最常见的病因是胆管结石、胰头癌和壶腹周围癌。
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