组织器官工程实验研究进展

摘要

Tissue engineering has evolved as a dynamic research field that encompasses multidisciplinary approaches involving cytology,material science,bioreactor engineering,and medicine.The overarching goal is to construct human tissue and organs in the laboratory for tissue regeneration or replacement.It offers a potential solution to the donor shortage in organ transplantation and to the difficulties in regenerative medicine.The basic components for tissue engineering include seed cell selection,bio-scaffold construction,and ex vivo tissue formation via a bioreactor. Over the past decade,tremendous progress has been made in bioengineering cartilage,trachea,urinary bladder,heart valve and endocrine tissues. However,there remain significant challenges in creating complex and human-sized tissues and organs for clinical use.In this article,we review the basic components and strategies for bioengineering organs. We attempt to provide an overview of current progress and challenges in developing organ-level tissue engineering and in the successful translation of bioengineered tissue and organ products into daily clinical practice.%组织工程学是一个涉及细胞生物学、材料科学、反应器工程和临床医学的多学科交叉研究领域,其最终目的是在实验室内建造人体的组织和器官.组织工程学研究主要包括种子细胞筛选、生物支架材料研制以及利用生物反应器进行体外组织构建.近年来,虽然组织器官工程研究在组织工程化软骨、气管、膀胱、生物人工肝、生物人工肾、心脏瓣膜、内分泌器官等领域取得了进展与突破,但临床应用还将是一个漫长的过程.组织器官工程产品的开发与应用将极大促进医疗卫生事业乃至国民经济的发展.