我国疾病预防控制机构实验室检验能力分析

摘要

目的:了解我国各级疾控机构在实验室检验能力方面的建设情况,找出存在的问题并提出建议.方法:采用描述性流行病学研究方法,利用SAS 9.2软件和Excel 2010进行统计学分析和趋势分析.结果:我国各级疾控中心卫生检验人数及比例总体呈上升趋势;专用实验室数量在2012年增幅较大,之后增长速度放缓;实验室仪器设备拥有率在2011年急剧增加后趋于平稳,东部地区各级疾控中心平均拥有实验室仪器设备数量均高于中、西部地区;省、县区级疾控中心基本检验项目达标率东部最高、中部次之、西部最低,而地市级疾控中心基本检验项目达标率中部最高、东部次之、西部最低.结论:我国各级疾控机构卫生检验人员素质还有待进一步提升;省级疾控中心实验室仪器设备拥有率与地市、县区级相比在数量上处于绝对优势;我国东、中部疾控中心检验项目开展相对较好,而西部地区比较薄弱;省级疾控机构实验室检验和诊断项目在数量方面地区均衡性和公平性最好.%Objective: The objective of this study is to understand the construction of laboratory testing capacity of the Chinese Disease Control and Prevention institutions at all levels and to expound the problems and puts forward the related suggestions and countermeasures which can provide the basis for scientific and corresponding improvement of laboratory construction.Methods: The whole procedures were completed through descriptive epidemiological studies using SAS 9.2 Software and Excel 2010 for conducting statistical and trend analyses.Results: There is an increasing trend in the number and proportion of inspections in the disease control institutions at all levels in China.The number of disease control and prevention institutions` special testing laboratories increased significantly in 2012 and then the growth rate undergone a slow-down.The owning rate of equipped laboratory appliance rapidly rose in 2011 and started to level off after that.The average number of equipment in eastern region is greater than that drawn in the central and western regions.According to rate of compliance with the standard of basic laboratory projects, there is a trend in the provincial, district and county level disease control and prevention institutions where the eastern region comes first, followed by the central and then the western region closes the line.However, in general, this rate of those provincial level institutions show a state that the central region holds the highest rate, the eastern region comes second, and the western last.Conclusions: The qualities of health inspection personnel still need to be further improved in disease control and prevention institutions at all levels in the country.In the aspect of laboratory equipment possession rate, the provincial-level CDCs have greater and absolute advantage than the county-level and district level institutions.The testing projects of CDCs in the central and eastern regions of China have a relatively good level, while those tracked in the western region are relatively weak.In view of this, China should strengthen the support to western region in terms of human resource, equipment and funding.The provincial-level disease control and prevention institutions` laboratory testing and diagnosis projects are the best in balance and fairness.Improving the testing capacity is an effective approach to promote the development of disease control and prevention.Hence, the state should pay much attention to the laboratory construction works and management strategies and flows.