建设项目预防性卫生评价审查制度的历史沿革

摘要

This paper reviewed the developmental situation of hygienic assessment and design review system in con⁃struction project."Practice details of management rules for public places"in 1991 established hygienic assessment system, the rudiment of design review system in construction project started from several department rules in the early 1990's. The reform of health supervision system in 2000s made clear the role of health supervision in the whole health system, defined the responsibility of health supervision institutions and CDC in hygienic assessment and design review. Food Safety Law in 2009 and Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases in 2011 adjusted the function of health supervision institutions, further reducing the range of design review. After more than 30 years of development, construction of law enforcement agen⁃cies in design review system was successful. however, Legal basis of design review was still absent, the legislative progress was too slow. As the hygienic assessment agencies developed market-oriented, specification of hygienic evaluation for spe⁃cific project content in in construction project need to be develop.%20世纪90年代初“二法五条例”的颁布意味着建设项目设计卫生审查制度初步形成，1991年的《公共场所卫生管理条例实施细则》确立了公共场所卫生学预评价制度。1996年卫生监督体系改革拉开序幕，改革明确了卫生监督在整个卫生体系中的地位和作用，界定了卫生监督与疾病预防控制对审查监督和监测评价的职能划分，机构内部职能分工与科室设置得以理顺，建设项目设计卫生审查职能的行使得到了组织保障。2009年《食品安全法》和2011年《职业病防治法》的修订调整了卫生监督机构的职能，食品卫生和职业卫生不再属于建设项目设计卫生审查对象，设计卫生审查的范围进一步缩小。经过了三十余年的发展，执法机构的组织体系建设成效卓著，但设计卫生审查的法律依据依然缺位，立法进展缓慢，评价机构日趋市场化，系统的评价规范和技术导则有待制定。