4062例老年急诊患者常见疾病分析

摘要

Objective Common-seen diseases referred to geriatric emergency unit among 4062 elderly patients were analyzed as to facilitate prevention and treatment of the geriatric diseases. Methods Retrospective analyses of 4062 elderly patients referred to an emergency unit from Jan. 2008 to Dec. 2010. They were divided into two groups,the older group (60-70 years)and the senile elderly group (≥80 years). Differences of common—seen geriatric diseases between the two groups were compared. Results For the total cohort the top five common—seen diseases were respiratory system diseases,circulation system diseases,nervous system diseases, digestive system diseases and trauma. The disease profile was similar between the two subgroups. Totally the top five diseases were upper respiratory tract infection, trauma,gastroenteritis,transient ischemic attacks (TIA), angina. In the older group,it was upper respiratory tract infection, gastroenteritis, TIA, trauma, angina. In the senile elderly group, it was upper respiratory tract infection, trauma, pneumonia,TIA,angina. Respiratory system,metabolism endocrine system and urinary system diseases were more common in the older group than that in the senile elderly group. Myocardial infarction, heart failure, pneumonia, and cerebral infarction were more common in the senile elderly group, but gastroenteritis was more common in the older group. Conclusions More attention must be pay to the prevention of respiratory system disease and trauma in the elderly patients. As for the senile elderly patients,the prevention and treatment of respiratory system, metabolism endocrine system and urinary system diseases, especially myocardial infarction, heart failure , pneumonia, and cerebral infarction is very important.%目的 对4062例老年急诊患者常见疾病进行分析,为老年病的预防和救治提供参考资料.方法 回顾分析2008年1月～2010年12月在解放军总医院老年急诊科就诊的4062例老年患者,根据年龄段分60～79岁1093例,≥80岁2969例,比较两年龄段间常见疾病的差别.结果 常见疾病按系统所占比例排名前5位的是呼吸系统、心血管系统、神经系统、消化系统及外伤,60～79岁与≥80岁相比,排名大体一致.疾病患病率排名前5位的疾病分别是上呼吸道感染、外伤、胃肠炎、短暂脑缺血发作(TIA)、心绞痛,60～79岁排名前5位的疾病是上呼吸道感染、胃肠炎、TIA、外伤、心绞痛、≥80岁排名前5位的疾病是上呼吸道感染、外伤、肺炎、TIA、心绞痛.按系统所占比例比较,呼吸系统、内分泌代谢系统、泌尿系统疾病,≥80岁显著高于60～79岁.按疾病患病率进行比较,心肌梗死、心力衰竭、肺炎、脑梗死,≥80岁显著高于60～79岁,胃肠炎60～79岁显著高于≥80岁.结论 老年患者应重视呼吸系统疾病及外伤的预防,对高龄患者,更应加强对呼吸系统、内分泌代谢系统、泌尿系统疾病,尤其心肌梗死、心力衰竭、肺炎、脑梗死等疾病的预防和救治.